Anticipation (linguistics)

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Anticipation is used in linguistics to describe phenomena in two different areas:

  • When observing slip of the tongue and speech disorders , anticipations are perceived as a special type of error. They consist in the fact that a linguistic unit that was planned is produced earlier than intended. Leuninger (1993, p. 84) cites as an example: "The sympathizers ... the Japanese are much more sympathetic to me." Here, "sympathetic" is preferred to the position of "Japanese", anticipated. On the phonetic level, the “pig pregnancy” observed by Leuninger (1993: p. 42) occurs with anticipation of the sound [v] or the sound group [ʃv]. Such anticipations can concern linguistic units on a phonetic, morphological and syntactic level.
  • Anticipations are also observed as a form of verbal assimilation . Neighboring sounds tend to influence each other's sound quality. The direction of influence can be from the earlier to the later sound or vice versa. If a sound that occurs earlier in the word is changed by a later one, there is anticipation (anticipatory assimilation / regressive assimilation); the opposite process is called perseveration . As an example of this, Bußmann (2002: p. 101) names the word form Old High German “gesti” (instead of “gasti”), in which the [a] became an [e] under the influence of the following [i]: the deep [a ] has been raised to a medium-high vowel [e] to match the high [i]. In addition to this diachronic process , the term anticipation is also used in synchronous viewing, cf. also anticipatory co-articulation .

literature

  • Hadumod Bußmann : Lexicon of Linguistics. 3rd, updated and expanded edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2002. ISBN 3-520-45203-0 . On anticipatory assimilation p. 101.
  • Helen Leuninger: Talking is silence, silver is gold. Collected slip of the tongue. 2nd Edition. Ammann, Zurich 1993. ISBN 3-250-10209-1 . For anticipations, pp. 83–85, 105–106.
  • Nora Wiedenmann: slip of the tongue and the attempts to explain it. A literature review. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, Trier 1992. ISBN 3-88476-054-8 . Anticipations pp. 72–73, 84–84 and many other passages.

Web links

Wiktionary: anticipation  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations