Anticipatory co-articulation
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The term anticipatory coarticulation (engl. Anticipatory coarticulation ) is a term from the phonetics and describes the phenomenon that characteristics of a particular sound are articulated prior to its actual appearance in a chain of sounds.
overview
Anticipatory co-articulation deals with a phenomenon that can be observed when pronouncing certain strings of sounds (such as words and / or syllables ). Certain properties of a sound (features) that lie within the chain of sounds are already implemented at the beginning of the sound chain. Anticipatory co-articulation is a special case of assimilation .
term
The term anticipatory co-articulation is made up of the components anticipatory and co- articulation .
Anticipatory (from Latin anticipare "to anticipate") generally means that information is anticipated before it actually appears.
The term co- articulation (from Latin con “together” and articular “clearly pronounced”) means in phonetics that two or more sounds are realized at the same time. A further distinction is partial of full co-articulation. With complete co-articulation, all features of different sounds are realized at the same time; with partial co-articulation, either one sound is realized completely, the other only in some features, or both sounds are only incompletely realized. In the meaning intended here, the partial coarticulation is usually meant, whereby a fully articulated sound is enriched with individual features of another sound.
The compound term therefore means something like: A sound is articulated, but this is enriched with features of another sound, which only appears later in the overall chain of sounds considered.
meaning
The phenomenon of anticipatory co-articulation is particularly important for theoretical linguistics and automatic language processing .
Phonetics / Phonology
From a linguistic perspective, the occurrence of articulatory co-articulation is direct empirical evidence that sounds can be broken down into smaller, distinctive features . The theory assumes that sounds are inherently time-limited bundles of features. Two sounds therefore differ in the characteristics of which they are composed. These features can be articulatory or abstract. Examples of phonetically motivated features are location features (where is the tongue when articulating the sound) or the characteristic of voicing (do the vocal cords move or not when articulating the sound). An example of a more abstract feature would be that of sonority, which describes whether a sound is more of a noise [- sonorous] or more of a sound [+ sonorous]. The fact that there is the phenomenon of anticipatory co-articulation is therefore interpreted as an argument for this decomposability of sounds on the phonetic level as well.
Computational linguistics
Anticipatory co-articulation poses great difficulties, especially for automatic speech recognition.
example
If, for example, the word luck is pronounced , the lips are already rounded when the first letter is articulated, which comes from the subsequent ü . Phonologically , this can be explained in such a way that the sound has a characteristic that says that the vowel is formed with rounded lips. This characteristic is carried over to the preceding sounds, one anticipates the roundness of the lips in the articulation of the vowel before the actual bearer of the characteristic (namely the ü ) appears.
If you compare the roundness of the lips with a word like gloss , they are not rounded at the beginning of the word, because the vowel a does not have the feature that enforces the rounding of the lips.
swell
- Helmut Glück (Ed.): Metzler Lexicon Language . 3. Edition. JB Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart 2005.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Glück (2005, p. 45)
- ↑ Glück (2005, p. 323)
- ↑ Patricia A. Keating: Underspecification in Phonetics . In: Phonology , Vol. 5, 1988, pp. 275-292. Cambridge University Press. doi : 10.1017 / S095267570000230X