Apophantik

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Apophantik (from ancient Greek ἀπόφανσις, apophansis = opinion, statement, assertion) is a philosophical term from logic . It deals with predication and predictive statements. The subject of apophantics is the meanings.

Apophantik in Aristotle

In the terminology of the Greek philosopher Aristotle , apophantics corresponds to the concept of predication . Predicative elementary statements are used to develop the subject . Apophantics is the speech act that assigns or denies a property , a characteristic or an attribute to an object or several objects . About the logos apophantikos, Aristotle says: It is the "factual and communicative logos". And what does the logos apophantikos do according to Aristotle: "He reveals."

Apophantik in Husserl and Heidegger

The German philosophers Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger refer to part of formal logic as apophantics, namely the part that is responsible for predictive statements. According to Husserl, apophantics as a doctrine of judgment is projected as a “guide to a phenomenological genealogy of logic”. According to the founder of phenomenology , apophantism comprises those rules “by which a judgment formally defines and demonstrates the 'how' and the 'what' of an object of knowledge for consciousness.” A statement is apophantic, while a question, for example, is a doubt or an expressive meaning is not apophantic. Heidegger sees the problem here that a statement in a certain sense obscures the meaning and there is only a skeletal residue of tangibility. Sentences like "The mayor is in the hospital" are easily included in news and gossip stories because of their apophantic character and are subject to the manifestations of the Man. The really tangible meaning and context can easily get lost.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Apophantik. In: Microsoft Encarta
  2. ^ Rudolf Bernet, Iso Kern , Eduard Marbach: Edmund Husserl. 2nd Edition. Meiner, Hamburg 1996, ISBN 3-7873-1284-6 , p. 48.
  3. ↑ predication. In: Schülerduden: Philosophy. 2nd Edition. Duden-Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-411-71262-7 .
  4. ^ A b Rafael Capurro: Contributions to a digital ontology.
  5. ↑ a b Sang-Bock Lee: Consciousness as being true. Mentis, Münster 2005, ISBN 3-89785-245-4 . Chapter "Basic phenomenological terms" p. 43 ff. On: mentis.de
  6. ^ Heideggerian terminology in the English language Wikipedia