Apoptosome

Apoptosome with CARD

A apoptosome ( suitcase word from ancient Greek apoptosis , decline 'and soma , body') is a protein complex , which during the programmed cell death ( apoptosis is formed) and the binding and activation of pro-caspase 9 is used.

properties

In the course of the mitochondrial signaling pathway of apoptosis, cytochrome c is released from the mitochondrion into the cytosol in humans . There it binds to initiate the formation of the Apoptosoms to Apaf-1 ( English apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 , apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 '), which is also adenosine triphosphate binds (ATP). After binding, six more Apaf-1 molecules are stored in a disc with consumption of ATP. Then, the CARD binding protein domains ( English caspase recognition domain , caspase recognition domain ') of the pro-caspase 9 and Apaf-1 to each other and bound procaspase-9 molecules to caspase-9-molecules according to the amino acid Asp-315 autoproteolysiert as how allosterically activated by binding of the apoptosome. The activated caspase 9 proteolyzes the pro-caspase 3 and pro-caspase 7 into their active forms.

history

The term apoptosome was coined in 1998 by Yoshihide Tsujimoto. The components of the apoptosome were described in 1999 by H. Zou and colleagues.

literature

• S. Yuan, CW Akey: Apoptosome structure, assembly, and procaspase activation. In: Structure (London, England: 1993). Volume 21, number 4, April 2013, pp. 501-515, doi: 10.1016 / j.str.2013.02.024 , PMID 23561633 , PMC 3644875 (free full text).
• S. Yuan, X. Yu, M. Topf, SJ Ludtke, X. Wang, CW Akey: Structure of an apoptosome-procaspase-9 CARD complex. In: Structure (London, England: 1993). Volume 18, number 5, May 2010, pp. 571-583, doi: 10.1016 / j.str.2010.04.001 , PMID 20462491 , PMC 2874686 (free full text).

Individual evidence

1. ^ HH Park: Structural features of caspase-activating complexes. In: International journal of molecular sciences. Volume 13, number 4, 2012, pp. 4807-4818, doi: 10.3390 / ijms13044807 , PMID 22606010 , PMC 3344246 (free full text).
2. ^ TF Reubold, S. Eschenburg: A molecular view on signal transduction by the apoptosome. In: Cellular signaling. Volume 24, Number 7, July 2012, pp. 1420-1425, doi: 10.1016 / j.cellsig.2012.03.007 , PMID 22446004 .
3. ↑ Q. Hu, D. Wu, W. Chen, Z. Yan, Y. Shi: Proteolytic processing of the caspase-9 zymogen is required for apoptosome-mediated activation of caspase-9. In: The Journal of biological chemistry. Volume 288, number 21, May 2013, pp. 15142-15147, doi: 10.1074 / jbc.M112.441568 , PMID 23572523 , PMC 3663534 (free full text).
4. ^ SB Bratton, GS Salvesen: Regulation of the Apaf-1-caspase-9 apoptosome. In: Journal of cell science. Volume 123, Pt 19 October 2010, pp. 3209-3214, doi: 10.1242 / jcs.073643 , PMID 20844150 , PMC 2939798 (free full text).
5. ↑ Y. Tsujimoto: Role of Bcl-2 family proteins in apoptosis: apoptosomes or mitochondria? In: Genes to cells: devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms. Volume 3, Number 11, November 1998, pp. 697-707, PMID 9990505 .
6. ^ H. Zou, Y. Li, X. Liu, X. Wang: An APAF-1.cytochrome c multimeric complex is a functional apoptosome that activates procaspase-9. In: The Journal of biological chemistry. Volume 274, Number 17, April 1999, pp. 11549-11556, PMID 10206961 .