Arba'a Turim

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Arba'a Turim ( Hebrew אַרְבַּעָה טוּרִים, in short: Tur ) is a work by Jakob ben Ascher . It literally means "four rows" and refers to the breastplate of the high priest (see also Urim and Thummim ). The work is divided into four parts. The work was probably created in the first half of the 14th century.

  • Orach Chajim , Hebrew אורח חייםthat is, “Way to Life,” contains 697 paragraphs on blessings , prayers, the Sabbath, and Jewish holidays.
  • Jore De'a , Hebrew יורה דעה, ie, “he teaches knowledge” or “teacher of knowledge”, deals in 403 paragraphs with Jewish food and cleansing laws, mourning laws and regulations on usury and idolatry.
  • Ha-eser , in Hebrew אבן העזר, ie “Stone of Help” (biblical place, 1 Sam 7:12) contains 178 paragraphs on marriage laws.
  • Choshen Mishpat , Hebrew חושן משפט, ie "breastplate of the law" deals with the entire civil and criminal law in 427 paragraphs.

The work was commented on in later centuries and forms the basis of the Schulchan Aruch by Josef Karo . The Arba'a Turim is followed by the Shulchan Aruch in its division into four major subject areas.

  • Section (טוּר) Orach Chajim (אורח חיים), "Way to Life" blessings, prayers, Sabbath and Jewish holidays (title page)

  • Section (טוּר) Jore De'a (יורה דעה), "Teacher of Knowledge" food u. Purification laws, mourning laws, usury, etc. Idolatry (title page)

  • Section (טוּר) Eben Ha-Eser (אבן העזר), “Stone of Help” marriage laws (title page)

  • Section (טוּר) Choschen Ha-Mishpat (חושן משפט), "Breastplate of the Right" Civil and Criminal Law (title page)

  • Section (טוּר) Choschen Ha-Mishpat (חושן משפט), “Breastplate of the Right” Civil and Criminal Law (page 1).

  • Section (טוּר) Orach Chajim (אורח חיים), "Way to Life" Blessings, prayers, the Sabbath and Jewish holidays

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