Arlene Sharpe

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Arlene Helen Sharpe (born before 1981) is an American immunologist and professor at Harvard Medical School .

Life

Arlene Sharpe graduated from Radcliffe College with a bachelor's degree in biochemistry and Harvard University (Harvard Medical School), where she earned both her MD (1982) and Ph. D. (1981 in microbiology). She then graduated from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) with a specialty pathology degree and was at MIT's Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research . In 1991 she became an Assistant Professor and in 1995 an Associate Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School. In 2003 she received a full professorship at Harvard and at the BWH and took over the management of immunological research at the BWH.

She has been the George Fabyan Professor of Comparative Pathology at Harvard Medical School and Co-Director of the Harvard Institute of Translational Immunology and the Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases since 2004 . She is also a member of the pathology department at Brigham and Women's Hospital and an associate member of the Broad Institute at MIT and Harvard University.

She is the vice president of the American Association of Immunologists. She is on the Council of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and heads the Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity and Immune-mediated Diseases (HAI) research division of the National Institutes of Health .

It is one of the Thomson Reuters Citation Laureates (2016). Sharpe is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , and in 2018 she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine . She is on the editorial board of the Annual Review of Immunology.

plant

Sharpe is concerned with the mechanism of the stimulation and inhibition of T cells in the immune system in response to pathogens and tumor cells and to prevent the immune system from attacking the body's own cells. Her laboratory clarified some pathways of the costimulation of T cells, such as the immunosuppressive functions and pathways of CTLA-4 and PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and the role of the molecules B7-1 and B7-2 on antigen-presenting Cells that act as co-stimulators for T cell activation. She uses knockout mice, which lack the genes for coding the respective immunoactive proteins.

In 2014 she received the William B. Coley Award with Gordon J. Freeman , Tasuku Honjo , Lieping Chen . In 2017 she was one of the winners of the Warren Alpert Foundation Prize . Her role in clearing up PD-1 was particularly recognized. The PD-1 molecule is a checkpoint protein that suppresses the immune response, and inhibitors for this protein (checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab from Merck) are considered to be promising candidates for increasing the immune response against cancer. PD-1 was discovered by Tasuku Honjo in the early 1990s and named Programmed Depth Protein 1 because of its involvement in apoptosis , and Honjo also found its role in the immune system in 1999 (knockout mice without PD-1 developed autoimmune diseases of the lupus type). Sharpe and Gordon Freeman then, in collaboration with the Honjo laboratory in 2000 and 2001, respectively, found the natural ligands of the PD-1 receptor (PD-L1, PD-L2). In doing so, they confirmed the role of PD-1 in the immune system. They also found the PD 1 ligands on some cancer cells and suggested that the molecules also play a role in the mechanism by which cancer cells evade the immune system. An increased gene expression of PD-L1 was found in many tumor cells.

Fonts

  • with AK Abbas: T-cell stimulation: an abundance of B7s, Nat Med., Volume 5, December 1999, pp. 1345-1346.
  • with Gordon Freeman, Tasuku Honjo u. a .: Engagement of the Pd-1 Immunoinhibitory Receptor by a Novel B7 Family Member Leads to Negative Regulation of Lymphocyte Activation, J. Exp. Medicine, Volume 192, 2000, p. 1027
  • with Gordon Freeman: The B7-CD28 superfamily, Nature Reviews Immunology, Volume 2, 2002, pp 116-126
  • with Yvette Latchman, Honjo, Freeman u. a .: PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation, Nature Immunology, Vol. 2, 2001, pp. 261-268
  • with E. John Wherry, Rafi Ahmed, Gordon Freeman: The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection, Nature Immunology, Volume 8, 2007, pp 239-245
  • with SH Baumeister, GJ Freeman, G. Dranoff: Coinhibitory Pathways in Immunotherapy for Cancer, Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 34, 2016, pp. 539-573
  • with PT Sage: T follicular regulatory cells, Immunol Rev., Volume 271, 2016, pp. 246-259
  • with SL McArdel, C. Terhorst: Roles of CD48 in regulating immunity and tolerance, Clin Immunol., Volume 164, 2016, pp. 10-20

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ National Academy of Medicine elects 85 new members. In: nam.edu. National Academy of Medicine, October 18, 2018, accessed October 20, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Matthew Tontonoz, CRI Names Winners of Top Scientific Prize, Cancer Research Institute, September 2014
personal data
SURNAME Sharpe, Arlene
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sharpe, Arlene Helen (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American immunologist and professor
DATE OF BIRTH before 1981