Ashtanga Hridaya

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The Ashtanga Hridaya ( Sanskrit : अष्टांग हृदय, aṣṭāṇga hṛdaya ; Eng . "The eightfold heart") is one of the three most important Ayurveda textbooks from ancient India. The author named Vagbhata , whose lifetime is believed to have been around 550–600 AD. It is written in Sanskrit.

history

The Ashtanga Hridaya is based on older texts by the physicians Charaka and Sushruta and probably much older sources that have not survived.

It was translated into Arabic between 773 and 808 by Ibun-Dhan under Caliph Hārūn ar-Raschīd and into Tibetan around the same time. In 1941 Luise Hilgenberg and Willibald Kirfel translate the script into German. Numerous comments on the texts have survived; Commentaries from the 6th century, the 8th century and several from the High Middle Ages have survived. Some of Hildegard von Bingen 's remarks are reminiscent of the ancient Indian text. Since spices ( pepper , etc.) have been imported from India since Roman times , a flow of information can also be assumed.

content

The Ashtanga Hridaya consists of 7120 verses in six parts and a total of 120 different chapters.

First Book Sũtra Sthāna The Basic Principles

1) The pursuit of a long life. 2) The daily chores. 3) The seasonal activities. 4) The prevention of disease. 5) Knowledge of fluids. 6) Knowledge of the food. 7) The protection of food. 8) On the amount of food. 9) Knowledge of the ingredients. 10) The classification of tastes. 11) The knowledge of the Doşās. 12) The classification of the Doşās. 13) The treatment of the Doşās. 14) The two types of treatment. 15) The cleansing herbs. 16) The Oil Therapy. 17) The sweat therapy. 18) From emptying and vomiting. 19) Enema therapy. 20) The nasal drug therapy. 21) Inhalation Therapy. 22) The Gargle Therapy. 23) eye drops and eye anointing. 24) Therapy for the eyes. 25) The use of blunt instruments. 26) The use of sharp instruments. 27) The bloodletting. 28) The removal of arrowheads or spearheads. 29) The surgery. 30) From etching and burning.

Second Book Śārira Sthāna On the Body

1) The formation of the embryo. 2) The harm to pregnant women and newborns. 3) The body and its parts. 4) The classification of malformations. 5) Knowing about the dire forecast. 6) The knowledge of the messenger

Third Book Nidāna Sthāna Diagnosing Diseases

1) The causes and diagnoses of all diseases. 2) Diagnosing fever. 3) Diagnosing bleeding diseases and coughs. 4) Diagnosing shortness of breath and hiccups. 5) The diagnosis of tubercolosis. 6) The diagnosis of alcohol poisoning. 7) Diagnosing hemorrhoids. 8) Diagnosing diarrhea. 9) The diagnosis of urinary behavior. 10) Diagnosing Diabetes. 11) The diagnosis of abscesses, hernias and colon tumors. 12) The diagnosis of the intestinal dilatation. 13) Diagnosing jaundice and dropsy. 14) Diagnosis of leprosy, hemophilia and worms. 15) Diagnosing wind sickness and nervous disorders. 16) Diagnosing gout

Fourth Book Cikitsā Sthāna The Healing Methods

1) Treatment of fever. 2) Treatment of bleeding wounds. 3) Treatment of cough. 4) Treating shortness of breath and hiccups. 5) Treatment of tubercolosis. 6) Treatment of vomiting. Heart trouble and thirst. 7) Treatment of alcohol poisoning. 8) Treatment of Hemorrhoids. 9) Treating Diarrhea. 10) Treatment of irritation of the rectum. 11) Treatment of urinary behavior. 12) Treating Diabetes. 13) Treatment of abscesses and hernias. 14) Treatment of Colon Tumors. 15) Treatment of enlargement of the intestine. 16) Treatment of Anemia. 17) Treatment of dropsy. 18) Treatment of Herpes. 19) The treatment of leprosy and other skin diseases. 20) Treatment of leukodermatitis and worms. 21) Treatment of nervous diseases. 22) Treatment of gout

Fifth book Kalpa Sthanā The preparation of the cure remedies

1) The formulation of the emetic. 2) The formulation of the laxative. 3) Solving the problems that can arise when using emetics or laxatives. 4) The enema recipe. 5) Solving the problems that can arise when using enema. 6) The essence of the recipes

Sixth Book Uttara Sthāna The remaining seven branches of Ayurveda

1) Taking care of the children. 2) The prevention of children's diseases. 3) Preventing child possession. 4) The knowledge of evil spirits. 5) The expulsion of evil spirits. 6) Health care. 7) The prevention of epilepsy. 8) Diagnosing diseases of the eyelid. 9) Treatment of diseases of the eyelid. 10) The diagnosis of the corners of the eyes and conjunctiva. 11) Treatment of the corners of the eyes and conjunctiva. 12) The diagnosis of impaired vision. 13) Treating Blindness. 14) Treatment for lens disease. 15) Diagnosing diseases of the whole eye. 16) Treatment of diseases of the whole eye. 17) Diagnosing ear diseases. 18) Treatment of ear diseases. 19) Diagnosing nasal diseases. 20) Treatment of nasal diseases. 21) Diagnosing diseases of the mouth. 22) Treatment of diseases of the mouth. 23) Diagnosis of diseases of the head. 24) Treatment of diseases of the head. 25) Treatment of Ulcers. 26) Treatment of blunt injuries. 27) Treatment of fractures. 28) Treatment of anal fistulas. 29) The diagnosis of tumors, cancer, lumps, etc. s. w. 30) The treatment of tumors, cancer, lumps, etc. s. w. 31) The diagnosis of minor illnesses. 32) The treatment of minor illnesses. 33) Diagnosis of venous disease. 34) Treatment of venous disease. 35) Treatment after poisoning. 36) Treatment of snake bites. 37) The treatment of insect and spider bites. 38) Treatment of mouse, rabbit, or dog bites. 39) The rejuvenators. 40) The care of regenerative tissue or aphrodisiac therapy.

One part concerns lifestyle recommendations with regard to daily routine, seasons, dealing with other people, liquids and food, and even aphrodisiacs .

In the Astanga Hridaya, as in the other classics, great value is placed on maintaining health, in contrast to the pure treatment of illnesses.

meaning

The Ashtanga Hridaya, similar to the texts of Charaka and Sushruta, has been available in full translations for a long time. The courses of Ayurveda in India and z. B. England dedicate part of their training to studying these scriptures (like theologians of the Bible). As a result, the explanations in these books still have an impact today. The Ayurvedic medicine in India is one next to the school science standard. Traditional Indian medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are also in vogue in western countries , which underlines the importance of this book.

A modern translation from Sanskrit has been available since 2008.

literature

  • KR Srikantha Murthy: Vagbhata's Astanga Hrdayam , Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi-1, ISBN 8121800188
  • Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, First Book - Sūtra Sthāna, The basic principles , ISBN 3-937632-34-4
  • Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Second Book - Śārira Sthāna, From the body , ISBN 3-937632-35-2
  • Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Third Book - Nidāna Sthāna, Diagnosing Diseases , ISBN 3-937632-36-0
  • Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Fourth Book - Cikitsā Sthāna, The Healing Methods , ISBN 3-937632-37-9
  • Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Fifth Book - Kalpa Sthanā, The preparation of the cure means , ISBN 3-937632-38-7
  • Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Sixth Book - Uttara Sthāna, The remaining seven branches of Ayurveda , ISBN 3-937632-39-5
  • Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Seventh Book, The Complete Register , ISBN 3-937632-40-9

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Historical Perspective of Ayurveda at dabur.com ( Memento from November 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
  2. ^ Luise Hilgenberg, Willibald Kirfel: Vāgbhaṭa's Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā - an ancient Indian textbook of medicine . Leiden 1941. - Translated from Sanskrit into German with introduction, notes and indices
  3. ↑ Program Specification and Curriculum Map for Integrated Masters in Complementary Medicine - Ayurvedic Medicin. Retrieved February 7, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Ayurveda Trend Report from India ( Memento from July 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Book 1 - Sūtra Sthāna, The basic principles. , ISBN 3-937632-34-4
  6. ↑ Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Book 2 - Śārira Sthāna, From the body , ISBN 3-937632-35-2
  7. ↑ Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Book 3 - Nidāna Sthāna, The diagnosis of diseases , ISBN 3-937632-36-0
  8. ↑ Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Book 4 - Cikitsā Sthāna, The Healing Methods , ISBN 3-937632-37-9
  9. ↑ Hendrik Wiethase: astanga Hṛdayam, Book 5 - Kalpa Sthana, The preparation of spa therapy , ISBN 3-937632-38-7
  10. ↑ Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Book 6 - Uttara Sthāna, The remaining seven branches of Ayurveda , ISBN 3-937632-39-5
  11. ↑ Hendrik Wiethase: Aṣṭāñga Hṛdayam, Book 7 - The Complete Register , ISBN 3-937632-40-9