Asphyxia

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Classification according to ICD-10
R09.0 Asphyxia
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

As a asphyxia or asphyxia (from ancient Greek ἀσφυξία Asphyxia "no pulse") is generally a state with respiratory depression to stand- still referred coupled to lack of oxygen (hypoxia) and hypercapnia associated.

Causal relationship

Causes can be cardiovascular failure , respiratory paralysis or an obstruction of the airways . The lack of gas exchange leads to a decrease in blood oxygen ( hypoxemia ) and thus to a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood and in the tissue ( hypoxia ), which is visible in the central cyanosis , the blueing of the skin and mucous membranes. In addition, carbon dioxide that is not exhaled collects in the tissue and blood ( hypercapnia ), which, as so-called carbon dioxide anesthesia , leads to a clouding of consciousness and a coma if the causes are not eliminated.

Asphyxia in fetuses and childbirth

Classification according to ICD-10
P20.- Intrauterine hypoxia
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

As fetal or intrauterine asphyxia an insufficient supply of the is fetus with oxygen through the umbilical vein referred to, such as placental insufficiency or prolapsed cord .

Classification according to ICD-10
P21.- Childbirth asphyxia
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

The Asphyxia neonatorum is described in the newborn. Depending on the duration and severity, a distinction is made between asphyxia livida (cyanosis, gasping, P21.1) or as prognostically unfavorable asphyxia pallida ( “white apparent death” , P21.0). The postnatal asphyxia is a paroxysmal event in the newborn, which especially in preterm infants with insufficient lung maturation occurs.

Traumatic asphyxia

Classification according to ICD-10
S28.0 traumatic asphyxia (crushing of the chest)
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

The traumatic asphyxia or the Perthes syndrome is a violation with a high mortality rate caused by a sudden over-compression of the chest - is caused - for example, by spillage. The pressure forces blood from the chest into the head and neck. The consequences can be blue-red discoloration in the neck and head area, bleeding under the skin and bloodshot eyes , visual disturbances up to blindness , cerebral haemorrhage or cerebral edema . The massive violence often leads to further injuries in the chest and stomach area.

Asphyxia is an emergency that requires the initiation of resuscitation measures.

See also

literature

  • Roche Lexicon Medicine, 5th edition; Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag; Munich / Jena 2003; ISBN 3-437-15072-3
  • Susanne Stiller: Development and change in the diagnosis of “birth asphyxia”, University, Freiburg im Breisgau 2016, DNB 1119717302 (online dissertation Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg 2016, 216 pages, academic supervisor: Heinrich Prömpeler, co-supervisor: Hans Fuchs, full text online PDF , free of charge, 216 pages, 2.07 MB).

Web links