Asterinals

Asterinals
Systematics
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya Department : Ascomycota mushrooms Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina) Class : Dothideomycetes Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis) Order : Asterinals
Scientific name
Asterinals
ME Barr ex D. Hawksw. & OE Erikss.

The asterinales are an order of the hose fungi that live parasitically on plants.

features

The asterinales often form net-like circular structures on the surface of their hosts, in which the black fruiting bodies , the ascomata , are located. These are flattened, rounded in outline, elongated or linear, open in a star shape or with longitudinal cracks to reveal the tubes . A tissue between the tubes is missing. Appressories can be present or absent. The tubes are eight-pore, bit unique , spherical to hemispherical, the spores are translucent to brown, mostly spherical, but also cylindrical. In the secondary crop form they are coelomycetic with pycnidia or hyphomycetic with conidia carriers . These minor crop forms are then gelatinous and pale.

Way of life

The known species of the Asterinales live parasitically or saprobically on leaves, stems or trunks of higher plants. They are obligatorily biotrophic .

Systematics and taxonomy

The position and extent of the asterinales was controversial until recently. The asterinales were initially described as invalid by Margaret Elizabeth Barr as an order in 1976 , as the Latin description that was still required at the time was missing. David Leslie Hawksworth and Ove Erik Eriksson then described the order as valid in 1986 with the type family Asterinaceae. It is not assigned to any subclass within the Dothideomycetes . In 2011, Wu and co-workers suggested that the Aulographaceae and Parmulariaceae families should also be put into order. But that was rejected by other authors. In 2015, Guatimosim and colleagues put the genus Asterotexis into a separate family (Asterotexiaceae) and order (Asterotexiales). In 2017 this new order was not recognized and counted as a synonym for the Asterinales. The family described as Asterotexiaceae is recognized as Asterotexaceae.

At present (as of May 2018) there are 21 genera in the Asterinaceae family and one genus in the Asterotexaceae family to order:

• Asterinaceae family
  • Asterina
  • Asterinella
  • Asterolibertia
  • Batistinula
  • Blastacervulus
  • Cirsosia
  • Discopycnothyrium
  • Echidnodella
  • Echidnodes
  • Halbania
  • Lembosia
  • Meliolaster
  • Parasterinopsis
  • Pirozynskiella
  • Platypeltella
  • Prillieuxina
  • Schenckiella
  • Trichasterina
  • Trichopeltospora
  • Uleothyrium
  • Vizellopsis

• Asterotexaceae family
  • Asterotexis

The genera Buelliella , Hazslinszkya , Karschia , Melanographa , Melaspileella and Stictographa are still incertae sedis and not assigned to any family.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Kevin D. Hyde, EB Gareth Jones, Jian-Kui Liu, Hiran Ariyawansa, Eric Boehm, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Uwe Braun, Putarak Chomnunti, Pedro W. Crous, Dong-Qin Dai Paul Diederich Asha Dissanayake Mingkhuan Doilom , Francesco Doveri, Singang Hongsanan, Ruvishika Jayawardena, James D. Lawrey, Yan-Mei Li, Yong-Xiang Liu, Robert Lücking, Jutamart Monkai, Lucia Muggia, Matthew P. Nelsen, Ka-Lai Pang, Rungtiwa Phookamsak, Indunil C. Senanayake, Carol A. Shearer, Satinee Suetrong, Kazuaki Tanaka, Kasun M. Thambugala, Nalin N.Wijayawardene, Saowanee Wikee, Hai-Xia Wu, Ying Zhang, Begoña Aguirre-Hudson, S. Aisyah Alias, André Aptroot, AliH. Bahkali, Jose L. Bezerra, D. Jayarama Bhat, Erio Camporesi, Ekachai Chukeatirote, Cécile Gueidan, David L. Hawksworth, Kazuyuki Hirayama, Sybren De Hoog, Ji-Chuan Kang, Kerry Knudsen & Wen-Jing Li & Xing-Hong Li & Zou-Yi Liu & Ausana Mapook, Eric HC McKenzie, Andrew N. Miller, Peter E. Mortimer, Alan JL Phillips, Huzefa A. Raja, Christian Scheuer, Felix Schumm, Joanne E. Taylor, Qing Tian, ​​Saowaluck Tibpromma, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Yong Wang, Jian-Chu Xu, Supalak Yacharoen, Ji-Ye Yan, Min Zhang: Families of Dothideomycetes . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 63 , 2013, p. 1-313 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-013-0263-4 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Sinang Hongsanan, Yan-Mei Li, Jian-Kui Liu, Tina Hofmann, Meike Piepenbring, Jayarama D. Bhat, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Mingkhuan Doilom, Chonticha Singtripop, Qing Tian, ​​Ausana Mapook, Xiang-Yu Zeng, Ali H. Bahkali, Jian-Chu Xu, Peter E. Mortimer, Xia-Hai Wu, Jun-Bo Yang, Kevin D. Hyde: Revision of genera in Asterinales . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 68 , 2014, p. 1-68 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-014-0307-4 .
3. ↑ Asterinales . In: MycoBank . Mycobank, accessed May 17, 2018 .  
4. ↑ Wu HX, Jaklitsch WM, Voglmayr H, Hyde KD: Epitypification, morphology and phylogeny of Tothi fuscella . In: Mycotaxon . tape 118 , 2011, p. 203-211 , doi : 10.5248 / 118.203 ( ingentaconnect.com ).
5. ↑ Guatimosim E, Firmino AL, Bezerra JL, Pereira OL, Barreto RW, Crous PW: Towards a phylogenetic reappraisal of Parmulariaceae and Asterinaceae (Dothideomycetes) . In: Persoonia . tape 35 , 2015, p. 230-2412 , doi : 10.3767 / 003158515X688046 .
6. ↑ Jian-Kui Liu, Kevin D. Hyde, Rajesh Jeewon, Alan JL Phillips, Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Martin Ryberg, Zuo-Yi Liu, Qi Zhao: Ranking higher taxa using divergence times: a case study in Dothideomycetes . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 84 , 2017, p. 75–99 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-017-0385-1 ( https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13225-017-0385-1.pdf pdf).
7. ↑ Asterotexaceae . In: IndexFungorum . IndexFungorum, accessed May 17, 2018 .  
8. ↑ Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Kevin D. Hyde, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Jian Kui Liu, Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Anusha H. Ekanayaka, Qing Tian, ​​Rungtiwa Phookamsak: Outline of Ascomycota: 2017 . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 88 , 2018, p. 167-263 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-018-0394-8 .

Web links

 Wikispecies: Asterinales  - Species Directory