Athous bicolor
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Athous bicolor |
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| ( Goeze , 1777) |
Athous bicolor ( Syn. : Orthathous bicolor ) is a beetle from the family of beetles . Its German name should be two-colored rapid leaf beetle , since bicolor means "two-colored" and the genus Athous is called "rapid leaf beetle" in related species. The numerous European species of the genus are divided into six sub-genera. A. bicolor belongs to the subgenus Orthathous .
Description of the beetle
With its body length of eight to eleven millimeters, Athous bicolor looks like a small and pale red-bellied rapid leaf beetle ( Athous haemorrhoidalis ). The body is hairy blond. The head and breast shield are dark, while the elytra are colored brownish yellow. This explains the specific epithet "two-colored".
The front edge of the forehead is not broadly bulged. The eleven-limbed antennae are slender and only slightly widened inward from the fourth limb. A front strip is formed over the deflection of the sensor, which runs continuously from one side to the other as a raised edge (Fig. 2). Below that, the head drops off steeply in front, but the mouthparts point forward again (Fig. 1). The eyes are round, bulging and touch the front edge of the pronotum when the head is retracted.
The pronotum is formed differently in males and females. In the male it is much longer than it is wide, narrowed towards the front and dull. In the female, the pronotum is only slightly longer than it is wide, slightly rounded on the sides and slightly shiny. In both sexes the hairiness of the pronotum points forward, as in all species of the genus.
The elytra are brownish yellow. The side edge and the wing cover seam are more or less blackened, the wing cover seam can also be tinted red. There are clear stripes of dots on the wing covers . In the male, the spaces between them are raspy, in the female they are somewhat cross-wrinkled. The label is not flat, but rather arched and not edged towards the front.
There is no groove or crevice on the sides of the front chest into which the antennae can be inserted. The rearward extension of the front breast is shaped like a lance tip (Fig. 4, colored yellow on the right). It fits into a corresponding recess in the mid-chest (Fig. 4, colored turquoise on the right) so that the appendix and recess form a mechanical unit that forms an important part of the jumping apparatus that enables the beetle to jump up from the supine position.
The abdomen has five visible, sharply separated segments (sternites). The fourth and fifth sternites can move relative to one another and are connected to one another by a wide joint membrane (Fig. 3). The middle hips (Fig. 4, colored brown on the right) are further apart than those than the front hips (Fig. 4, colored red on the right). The rear hip, which connects to the rear of the rear chest, is hollowed out to partially accommodate the rear thighs. The part that is on the same level as the rear chest is called the thigh ceiling . These thigh covers (Fig. 4, colored green on the right) are rounded towards the body axis, gradually narrowing towards the outside. Viewed from the side, the first hind artery link is longer than the two following links together. In all tarsi, from the same point of view, the fourth tarsal segment is only half as long as the third tarsal segment.
larva
The larvae belong to the so-called wireworms . They are yellow-brown and well sclerotized all over the body . Three pairs of legs are trained. The first body segment (Prosternum) is almost as long as it is wide, the following ten limbs are significantly wider than they are long. The last segment of the body ends in a pincer-shaped appendix, the recess of which is known as the urogomph. The following applies to the subfamily: The outer ark of the lower jaw (galea) is two-part, the rear part of the breast plate (sternellum) is undivided, the transverse impression of the abdominal segments is interrupted in the middle.
biology
The beetles overwinter as adults , and they lay eggs in the ground in late spring to early summer. The eggs are coated with a sticky layer so that particles of the soil stick to them.
The larvae live in the ground, but females have also been found occasionally in wood garbage.
Occurrence and distribution
The species is distributed from southern Russia across southern and central Europe to the Iberian Peninsula. In Central Europe it is absent in the north-western, Atlantic-influenced climatic area. The beetle prefers open, sunny terrain with low vegetation. It is often found in hot spots. In Central Europe, the adults are found on low vegetation from late May to July.
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X .
- Edm.Reitter: Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire, Volume IV, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1912
- Gustav Jäger (editor): CG Calwer 's Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Systematics, synonyms and distribution of Athous bicolor
- ↑ RAMBOUSEK (F) About the field wireworms. II. Biological part Review of applied entomology Series A Agricultural. Vol XIII (1930) London 1931 csl.Repub., Liev (xi), no.20, pp. 197-201 Prague, 1929 English
- ↑ PFWhitehead: Current knowledge of the violet click beetle Limoniscus violaceus in Britain, Proceedings of the Second pan-European conference on Saproxylic Beetles, page 8 as PDF ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective . Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Distribution map with frequency ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
