Uprising of Maria da Fonte

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Maria da Fonte.

In Portuguese history, the uprising of Maria da Fonte is a popular uprising that began in the spring of 1846 and was directed primarily against the unpopular and dictatorial government of António Bernardo da Costa Cabral , Margrave of Tomar. At this time Portugal was politically split between supporters of the left-wing Setembrists and the conservative Cartists , who had forcibly seized power in 1842 and ruled the country dictatorially with the support of the Queen. A series of measures by the cartistic government (new compulsory military service and tax laws, prohibition of burying the deceased in church buildings) finally led to the uprising, at the head of which sat a peasant woman named Maria from Fontarcada , who finally gave the uprising her name.

The uprising began in the north in Minho Province . In March 1846, a group of women led by the aforementioned farmer Maria forced a local clergyman to bury Custódia Teresa in the Chapel of Simães. The revolt quickly spread to the rest of the country. Queen Maria II , frightened by the extent of the uprising, was forced to dismiss her favorite Tomar on May 20, 1846 and replace her with the more liberal Duke of Palmela , which initially led to the uprising subsiding. However, when Queen Palmela replaced Palmela in a flash by the conservative Duke of Saldanha on October 6, 1846, the uprising flared up again and expanded into an eight-month civil war known as Patuleia (liberal counter-government in Porto), which the conservatives only thanks to foreigners Troops ( Spain , Great Britain ) could win.

literature

  • Maria de Fátima Bonifácio: História da Guerra Civil da Patuleia 1846-1847 , Editorial Estampa , Lisbon 1993, ISBN 9723309270
  • José Viriato Capela, Rogério Borralheiro: A Revolução do Minho de 1846 e as reformas da administração . In: CONGRESSO DA MARIA DA FONTE, 150 ANOS, Póvoa de Lanhoso, 1996, História da Coragem Feita com Coração: Actas . Póvoa de Lanhoso, City Hall, 1996, pp. 169-184.
  • Camilo Castelo Branco : Maria da Fonte , Lisbon, Ulmeiro , 1986 (preface by Hélia Correia. There are several editions of this work).
  • José Abílio Coelho: Algumas notas sobre a revolução das mulheres de Fontarcada . In: CONGRESSO DA MARIA DA FONTE, 150 ANOS, Póvoa de Lanhoso, 1996, História da Coragem Feita com Coração: Actas . Póvoa de Lanhoso, City Hall, 1996, pp. 263-269.
  • João Augusto Marques Gomes: História da Revolução da Maria da Fonte , in: Collection Biblioteca do Povo e das Escolas , No. 167, Lisbon.
  • Casimiro José Vieira: Apontamentos para a história da Revolução do Minho in 1846 or da Maria da Fonte , Braga, Typographia Lusitana , 1883; Lisbon, Rolim , 1987 (facsimile edition of the 1883 edition with a foreword by José Manuel Sobral).