Deliverer
Outsiders , in Low German Utligger , are referred to in seafaring as ships which (used by the powers that be for sovereign tasks) are either anchored in the roadstead in front of ports and in river and coastal areas or also regularly carry out certain patrols in order to observe and, if necessary, the ship traffic take action against suspicious ships. So it is police and customs ships that are supposed to keep the waters in order and prevent smuggling and other offenses. Until well into the 19th century, however, the rescuers were mainly warships, which had to protect the coasts of their countries against enemy attacks and were therefore also called coastal keepers at the time.
During the Hanseatic period in particular , customers were often stationed as guard ships, also called waiting ships, to protect the ports from the entrances. To do this, they also blocked enemy ports in the event of war and patrolled the trade routes. In addition to the cog , other types of ships were also used as outriggers. For example the Kraweel , a good sailor, or the Kraier , above all a cargo ship, but also well suited to expedition; on smaller ships the Schnicke is to be mentioned, a very fast sailing ship, which was probably mainly used for courier services.
Auslieger (Utliggere) were also called legalized pirates (privateers) by the Hanseatic League, who were used by it to resolve trade-political conflicts.
The so-called Elbe customs frigates , which performed their sovereign duties on the Elbe from the 17th to the 19th centuries, were usually also referred to as expedients.
literature
- Walther Vogel : History of German shipping: First volume: From primeval times to the end of the XV. Century , Salzwasser-Verlag, Paderborn 2013 (reprint from 1915)
- Konrad Reich , Martin Pagel: Heavenly broom over white dogs: words and idioms, stories and anecdotes - a reading book for half-men and grown-ups who want to get clearer terms from the ship's people and the sea - brought up again and explained , transpress VEB Verlag for Transport Berlin, Berlin 1981