Austronia

Austronia
Systematics
Order :	Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera)
Subordination :	Waist Wasps (Apocrita)
	Proctotrupomorpha
Superfamily :	Wasps (Proctotrupoidea)
Family :	Austroniidae
Genre :	Austronia
Scientific name of the family
	Austroniidae
	Kozlov , 1975
Scientific name of the genus
	Austronia
	Riek , 1955

Austronia is a genus of the hymenoptera and the only genus of the, thus monotypical, family Austroniidae .

features

The wasps are about 5 millimeters long and mostly black in color with a heavily sclerotized, mostly smooth cuticle. The head has thread-like antennae, which have 15 limbs in the male and 14 in the female. The pronotum of the trunk has a sharp keel. The forewings have a large pterostigma and four closed cells. The claws of the tarsi each have a rectangularly shaped lobe-like outgrowth at the base. The free abdomen (metasoma or gaster) begins with a stalk member ( petiolus ), which is significantly longer in the male than in the female. The adjoining part is pointed-oval when viewed from the side and very narrow (knife-shaped) when viewed from above. Its first segment is about the same length as the second. The ovipositor is long and hidden in the abdomen when at rest, it is curved upwards.

Way of life

The species live in damp forests. Like all related species and groups, they are parasitoids . Nothing else is known about their way of life, hosts, etc.

distribution

All three known species live in southeast Australia and on the island of Tasmania .

Taxonomy and Phylogeny

Only three species are known worldwide, Austronia nitida , Austronia nigricula , Austronia rubrithorax , all first described in 1955 by Edgar F. Riek .

The Austroniidae family is counted among the Proctotrupoidea or Zehrwasp-like . When numerous families were hived off from this previously much larger superfamily, it remained with the Proctotrupoidea s. str., even if at least one researcher assigned them to the diaprioidea. In the morphological analysis by Sharkey et al. In 2012 they grouped with the Heloridae and the Vanhorniidae . Due to their rarity, they have not yet been included in any molecular analysis (based on homologous DNA sequences). Your actual sister group relationship is not finally clarified.

swell

ID Naumann, L Masner: Parasitic Wasps of the Proctotrupoid Complex: a New Family From Australia and a Key to World Families (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea Sensu Lato). In: Australian Journal of Zoology . tape 33 , no. 5 , 1985, pp. 761-783 , doi : 10.1071 / ZO9850761 .
Lubomir Masner: Superfamily Proctotrupoidea . In: Henry Goulet, John T. Huber (Eds.): Hymenoptera of the world . an identification guide to families. Center for Land and Biological Resources Research, Ottawa, Ontario 1993, ISBN 0-660-14933-8 .

Individual evidence

↑ Distribution map at Atlas of living Australia
↑ Alexandre P. Aguiar et al. (): Order Hymenoptera. In: Z.-Q. Zhang, (Ed.): Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). In: Zootaxa 3703, 2013, pp. 1-82.
^ Norman F. Johnson (1992): Catalog of the world species of Proctotrupoidea, exclusive of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 51.
↑ Michael J. Sharkey (2007): Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera. Zootaxa 1668: 521-548.
^ AP Rasnitsyn (1980) Origin and evolution of Hymenoptera. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademiya Nauk SSSR 174, 1–192. (Russian), quoted from Michael J. Sharkey, James M. Carpenter, Lars Vilhelmsen, John Heraty, Johan Liljeblad, Ashley PG Dowling, Susanne Schulmeister, Debra Murray, Andrew R. Deans, Fredrik Ronquist, Lars Krogmann, Ward C. Wheeler (2012): Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera. Cladistics 28: 80-112.
↑ Michael J. Sharkey, James M. Carpenter, Lars Vilhelmsen, John Heraty, Johan Liljeblad, Ashley PG Dowling, Susanne Schulmeister, Debra Murray, Andrew R. Deans, Fredrik Ronquist, Lars Krogmann, Ward C. Wheeler: Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera . In: Cladistics . tape 28 , no. 1 , February 1, 2012, ISSN 1096-0031 , p. 80-112 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x .

[1] Distribution map at Atlas of living Australia

[2] Alexandre P. Aguiar et al. (): Order Hymenoptera. In: Z.-Q. Zhang, (Ed.): Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). In: Zootaxa 3703, 2013, pp. 1-82.

[3] Norman F. Johnson (1992): Catalog of the world species of Proctotrupoidea, exclusive of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 51.

[4] Michael J. Sharkey (2007): Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera. Zootaxa 1668: 521-548.

[5] AP Rasnitsyn (1980) Origin and evolution of Hymenoptera. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademiya Nauk SSSR 174, 1–192. (Russian), quoted from Michael J. Sharkey, James M. Carpenter, Lars Vilhelmsen, John Heraty, Johan Liljeblad, Ashley PG Dowling, Susanne Schulmeister, Debra Murray, Andrew R. Deans, Fredrik Ronquist, Lars Krogmann, Ward C. Wheeler (2012): Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera. Cladistics 28: 80-112.

[6] Michael J. Sharkey, James M. Carpenter, Lars Vilhelmsen, John Heraty, Johan Liljeblad, Ashley PG Dowling, Susanne Schulmeister, Debra Murray, Andrew R. Deans, Fredrik Ronquist, Lars Krogmann, Ward C. Wheeler: Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera . In: Cladistics . tape 28 , no. 1 , February 1, 2012, ISSN 1096-0031 , p. 80-112 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x .