alliance
An alliance , also an alliance or a pact , is usually a contractually regulated union of not necessarily formally equal partners to achieve a specific common goal. Alliances can be entered into by natural persons , legal entities or states among themselves.
Alliances between states are characterized by their common foreign policy goal, their organization, their period of validity and their geographical location. The relationship between the member states and the alliance is an interstate relationship and therefore has the character of international law . There are no general regulations in international treaty law for building an alliance. Every alliance of states is free to choose how it formulates its own treaty or its own statutes . An alliance statute is the most important source of law for the alliance. It legally codifies the union of states and the way they are connected. With the signature and the usually required ratification , the members of the alliance undertake with legally valid effect. In contrast to the confederation of states , the organization of an alliance has no independent authority to act .
As far as alliance obligations affect the tasks of state organs , the fundamental rights of citizens or fundamental aspects of state life, they must correspond to the respective state law of the member states. You must not contradict the constitutional or statutory regulations. In order to achieve consistency, the constitution and laws can also be adapted to alliance obligations.
Military alliances are formed primarily with the aim of guaranteeing their members independence and security from military attacks by military means. Due to the general prohibition of violence , military alliances are only permissible as defensive alliances under international law. Articles 51 to 54 of the UN Charter form the international legal framework for the establishment of bilateral and multilateral (regional) military alliances. The United Nations Security Council can use them as the executive body of the UN .
Alliances play a central role within international law , because states regulate their legal relationships with one another with a contractually fixed alliance policy . The protective and defensive alliances of 1866 are a historical example .
Civil society alliances exist within the framework of the peace movement in the form of peace alliances . Protective communities play a role in economic life . Examples of parliamentary alliances are Bündnis 90 and Grünes Bündnis (Basel) .
literature
- Friedrich Ruge : Alliances Past and Present. With special consideration of the UN, NATO, EEC and Warsaw Pact . Bernard & Graefe, Frankfurt am Main 1971, ISBN 3-7637-5105-X .
- Katja Frehland-Wildeboer: Loyal friends? The Alliance in Europe, 1714–1914 (= Studies on International History , Vol. 25). Oldenbourg, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-486-59652-6 , p. 30 f. (cf. Diss. Univ. Heidelberg 2007).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wichard Woyke (Ed.): Handwortbuch Internationale Politik , 8th updated and expanded edition, licensed edition for the Federal Agency for Civic Education , Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2000, pp. 278 ff., 3rd edition, p. 319 .
