Bath house (Schelklingen)

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The former bath house is a half-timbered building on a two-story stone base in the town of Schelklingen in the Alb-Donau district in Baden-Württemberg . The building, which the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Baden-Württemberg did not consider to be listed, is to be demolished in 2018.

location

The house stands at the end of Färbergasse in the direction of Ach, where a larger free space is created by the confluence of Schloßgasse. Today's Achgasse, formerly called “im Suessenloch”, joins from the southeast. The south wall of the building formed the former city ​​wall and the former water gate was located directly next to the building . The building was used as a bathing room or bathhouse at least until the early 18th century and was also the home of the bathers . A location directly on the river and at the former water gate was necessary in order to avoid long transport routes for the water that was needed in large quantities.

The house had a very small root garden between it in the east, the city wall in the south and the neighboring building at Schloßgasse 3 (no. 48 of the city map from 1893), which indicates that only craftsmen lived in the building without any agriculture. The residents of Schelklingen had other gardens in the various “Baindten” outside the city.

history

A bath room in Schelklingen was first mentioned in 1356, when Archduke Peter of Austria allowed the city of Schelklingen to take the income from the bath room for services in excess of the pound of Heller . The first Schelklingen bathing room probably goes back to the times of the Counts of Berg-Schelklingen and possibly to the times of the city's foundation around 1234, because the last count died in 1346. In 1374, the bathing room was used to determine the location of another house. In the Urspring Book of 1475 there is talk of the "new bathroom". The Ursprung stock records from 1486 and 1502 list the “new bathroom” as a neighbor. On September 6th, 1587, the city of Schelklingen complained to the Austrian government in Innsbruck about the Urspring Monastery , because a. His subjects in Hausen oU forbade to go to the bath after Schelklingen.

owner

The interest list on the guard interest for Schelklingen from 1529 lists the "old bath room" and names the "Mayster Jäckle" as the bather (only the first name "Jacob" is used). Another entry calls him "Jacob Bader". The “new bathroom” is also mentioned here.

The inventory book of the Schelklingen Frühmesspflege from 1533 again mentions "Master Jacob Bader" in the old bathroom. The new bathroom is named as a neighbor.

The register of the small parish tenth from 1555 names the "garden by the old bath".

Approx. In 1592, “Maister Caspar Beygkher Bader” is the owner of a garden in the “lower Baind”. Further down in the text, the garden itself is listed as subject to interest according to the Urspring Monastery. There he is referred to as "Caspar Beickher Bader". Approx. In 1595 the entries are almost identical, since around 1592 is probably a concept of the original from around 1595. The neighbour's garden met with "M [eister] Caspar Beickhen Badern". Further down, when entering the garden, he is referred to as "Master Caspar Beickher Bader". Caspar Begger / Begker was mayor in 1596/97 and 1597/98.

In the 17th century the Keiderlin family took over the bathing trade; it was the family that practiced the bathing trade in Schelklingen until the second half of the 17th century. Hans Keiderlin must have been the first bather with this name. The inventory book of the early mass and St. Afra care from 1607 names a Hans Keiderlin and his son Matheis (Matheus) Keiderlin as his successor. Matheus Keiderlin is already mentioned in an addendum in the land register from around 1595 as a meadow trigger. The son of Matheus apparently got the first name of his grandfather; In 1661 he ("Hans Keuderlin, Bader") had to go hiking for another three years. In 1670 Agatha Keuderlin, Matheis Keuderlin's widow, sold the bathing room to Franz Müller, who in turn handed it over to his son-in-law Martin Claus. This seems to have been Bader only until 1709, because in 1710 Johann Ulrich Sigmayer is named as a surgeon . The profession of bath seems to have merged into that of surgeon; the bath room was apparently closed because it is no longer mentioned in the 18th century. With the death of Martin Claus at the latest, the operation of a bathroom in this building should have ceased. Joseph Enzenberger, who owned half of the house in 1735, was not a son-in-law, nor was Christoph Rick, Johann Blankenhorn (Plankenhorn) and Johannes Mack.

investment

The building has an almost square floor plan and is one of the large buildings in the old town, which is why it was popularly known as the ark . The lack of extensive gardens at the house illustrates the pure use as a craftsman's house. The building stands out within the Schelklingen house landscape because the two floors were built entirely from quarry stone (otherwise mostly only the ground floor). A mighty timber-framed roof structure, which is divided into three floors, sits on the two residential and craft floors. The ridge is south-north oriented. In 1914 the half-timbering of the two gables was still exposed and was plastered later.

In 1705 the burdens on the house are mentioned for the first time. The whole house paid 3 pounds Heller ground rent to the pricature care, which had been donated in 1506. The former predicature house, which is still mostly preserved in the old building stock, stands between the old rectory, the parish church and the hospital (Maximilian-Kottmann-Platz 8; No. 117 of the city map 1893). Between 1705 and 1726 the former bathhouse and the Wurzgärtle were divided into two halves; "Chyrurgus" and councilor Franz Müller (Miller) kept one half, and gave the other half to his son-in-law and dyer Martin Claus. Each of the two owners paid half with £ 1½ Heller. With the later abolition of predicature care or its association with early measurement care, services are no longer mentioned.

On November 2, 1731 Ursula Haller, widow of the late surgeon Franz Müller, sold half of her share of the house and half of her Wurzgärtle to Joseph Enzenberger. The rooms are listed individually. The cattle stalls were on the ground floor. The other half of the house belonged to the dyer Martin Claus; herein lay the Farbhaus and Mang . The house had its own inside water well stemming for dyeing, if possible, even by former bathing.

In the fire insurance company in front of Austria founded in 1773, each half of the house was insured with 250 guilders; the total house value was therefore 500 guilders. This insurance value was in the top fifth of the insurance notices: the hospital with 800 fl, the Rosenwirtschaft with 1500 fl, the Gasthaus zum Rößle with 1850 fl, the Bemelberger Schlößle with 1450 fl, to name a few examples. The average town houses were below 600 florins.

Further use

Hafner only acquired parts of the building in the second half of the 19th century . In 1862, Carl Heuschmid took possession of part of the building when he was young and lived there until 1901. His son Franz Heuschmid probably lived there from 1901 to 1920. In 1870 Carl Heuschmid built a new workshop with a kiln outside the former city wall on the banks of the Ach. It is described in 1868 as "a new 1-storey pottery workshop with a kiln outside the city, on the river Ach, with heatable rooms, under a slab roof, made of stone, gable made of half-timbered". The pottery existed until 1899, when the owner changed hands.

  • Schelklingen from the south in 1914 with reference to the former bathhouse

  • Former bathhouse from the south, "State" 2014

  • Former bathhouse from the southwest, "State" 2014

  • Former bathhouse from the southeast, "State" 2014

  • Former bathhouse from the north, "State" 2014

  • Former pottery workshop of Carl Heuschmid jung an der Ach, built in 1870 (photo 2015)

Abbreviations

Currency: Fl guilders; kr cruiser; h lighter; ß h Schilling Heller; Other: HStA Stgt Main State Archives Stuttgart; RP Council minutes of the city of Schelklingen; StA City Archives.

References and comments

  1. ^ Johannes Nuss: Building at the end of Färbergasse is being demolished . Schwäbische Zeitung of June 22, 2018, accessed on June 25, 2018.
  2. ↑ In the past mostly "Aach", today more "Ach", but you can find both.
  3. ↑ Färbergasse 20, 22 and Schloßgasse 1; No. 47 of the city map of 1893; Rothenbacher 2015, No. 47 p. 179ff.
  4. ↑ Rothenbacher 1984, pp. 100-102; a Duke Peter von Habsburg cannot be found, only Duke Albrecht II of Habsburg (1298–1358), known as the Wise or Lame, comes into question.
  5. ↑ Günter 1939, p. 72. Regest of the document in Schieber et al. 1950, p. 101: 23 Jan. 1356 and in Eberl and Martin 2000, Regest S 1, p. 285. Here and in Stadt Schelklingen (ed.) 1984, p. 58, Duke "Peter" is replaced by Duke "Albrecht" called. Reprint of the certificate in the city of Schelklingen 1984, p. 58. Text: “We Peter von Gots Gnaden Herzog ze Österreich ze Steyr vnd ze Kärnden Tun | chund that we love our getrew, the burgers of Schälkling by grace he | loubt and gunt have, vnd erloubn and gunen also with this letter vser | the padstuben the same ze Schälkling vser the phunt heller, daz si vns | ierlach dauon serves, may apply that there si daz wol ze give divine service | and have to dedicate. So that of us, our heirs and descendants more abget In the vergendet service, with vrchund ditz briefs, giving | Ze Wienn on the Saturday before Sand Agnesen day. After Christ's birth, drew | Ten hundred years thorn still in the six and five hundredth jar ”.
  6. ↑ Eberl 1978, No. 225.
  7. ↑ Günter 1939, p. 72. HStA Stgt H 234 vol. 5, entry no. 56, fol. 34: "Item Auberly Stecher has ain hinder the nuwen badstuben by Michel Huterß huss dar vß it is 10 ß lighter."
  8. ↑ HStA Stgt H 234 Vol. 6, Entry No. 36, fol. 6v: "Item that Endlin Stecherlin git vß irem hinder der Nuwen Badstuben annually 10 ß brighter." Entry no. 38, fol. 6v, an "Ell Baderin" certainly calls the bather's wife and without a family name.
  9. ↑ HStA Stgt H 234 Vol. 8, Entry No. 29, fol. 11r: "Item that Endlin Stecherlin git jarlich vß irem huss by der newen badstuben x ß heller". Entry No. 35, fol. 12r names another "ell ​​badernun".
  10. ^ Günter 1939, 203f .: Original of the letter in the Schelklingen parish archive. The dispute was settled by a contract of October 21, 1588: see Günter 1939, p. 204; Regest of the certificate in Schieber et al. 1950, p. 103 and in Eberl and Martin 2000, Regest S 65, p. 312.
  11. ↑ HStA Stgt H 162 vol. 267, fol. 2v. "The old Badstub 1 lb 1 ß me 2 metzen öll hatt Mayster Jäckle to vß aim garden."
  12. ↑ HStA Stgt H 162 vol. 267, fol. 6r. "Item mayster Jacob Bader ½ day work wysen dar by he gybt 1 lb lighter."
  13. ↑ HStA Stgt H 162 vol. 267, fol. 3r. "The new badstub 1 lb 5 d."
  14. ↑ StA Schelklingen A 380, fol. 4: "Item Mayster Jacob Bader 2 ½ lb h out of the old bathing room inside it."
  15. ↑ StA Schelklingen A 380, fol. 5: "Item Petter Schrag 5 ß outside ainer hoffstat in the garden by the newen bad me 5 ß outside the pfrundhaus." Peter Schrag was chaplain of the St. Afra chaplain.
  16. ↑ HStA Stgt H 162 vol. 271, fol. 7v: "Item of the garden near the old bathroom gives the opß toe."
  17. ↑ HStA Stgt H 234 Vol. 14, fol. 68.
  18. ↑ HStA Stgt H 234 Vol. 14, fol. 77.
  19. ↑ HStA Stgt H 234 Vol. 15, fol. 52.
  20. ↑ HStA Stgt H 234 Vol. 15, fol. 56.
  21. ↑ StA Schelklingen A 279 vol. 1: City accounts 1596/97 and 1597/98, each title page.
  22. ↑ StA Schelklingen A 381, fol. 11: "Hanns <jetz Matheis> Keiderlin from the badstuben annually on Martini makes 3 lb hr - 1 fl 42 k 6 [h]." The inventory book was updated several times in the 17th century, although no exact date can be given.
  23. ↑ HStA Stgt H 234 Vol. 15, fol. 37.
  24. ↑ Günter 1939, p. 111.
  25. ^ RP of June 26, 1670.
  26. ↑ Günter 1939, p. 111f.
  27. ↑ Johann Martin Claus, from Weißenhorn, married on Jan. 13, 1707 in Schelklingen Agatha Müller, the daughter of the surgeon and councilor Franz Müller (Miller), † Schelklingen, Feb. 22, 1738 (cf. on him entries no. 1205 and 1206 ; arithmetically he should have been born in 1642/43. He was married three times. His first marriage was concluded before 1716, his second in 1716 and his third in 1717. He died on March 2, 1728. His daughter Agatha therefore came from 1. Marriage and should have been born around 1690). His wife died on October 14, 1738. Five children were baptized, of which probably only daughters survived, because the name Claus disappears from Schelklingen. See Eberl et al. 2012, No. 857, p. 232.
  28. ↑ Martin and City Archives Schelklingen 1999, p. 6.
  29. ^ Regest of the document of March 16, 1506 in Eberl and Martin 2000, No. S 23, p. 296f. Cf. also Rauscher 1908, pp. 156, 159, 172, 174, 180 and esp. 193. In 1508 the foundation was confirmed by the Bishop of Constance; see. Rauscher 1908, p. 193.
  30. ↑ The current street name “Färbergasse” can be traced back to him.
  31. ↑ RP Schelklingen 1730-1738, pp. 53-56. StA Schelklingen A 118 Bd. 2.
  32. ↑ StA Schelklingen old signature A-XIV-1: "Feür Aßercurations Tabell de Anno 1773".
  33. ↑ Franz Heuschmid, Weber, b. October 22, 1873, son of Karl Heuschmid, citizenship May 1, 1899 (Rothenbacher 1988, no. 327); See also Schelklingen family book no. 715 child no. 7. - Photo of Franz Heuschmid on the group picture of the Glasergesellschaft from 1901, in the information sheet of the city of Schelklingen, vol. 23, no. Feb. 17, 1983.

literature

  • Eberl, Immo (1978), Regesten on the history of the Benedictine convent of Urspring near Schelklingen 1127–1806 . Stuttgart: Müller and Gräff (Writings on Southwest German Regional Studies, Vol. 14).
  • Eberl, Immo and Jörg Martin (arrangement) (2000), documents from Blaubeuren and Schelklingen: registers from the city archives of Blaubeuren and Schelklingen and the Schelklingen parish archive . Ulm: South German publishing company.
  • Eberl, Immo, with the collaboration of Irmgard Simon and Franz Rothenbacher (2012), The families and civil status cases in the parishes of the town of Schelklingen (1602–1621, 1692–1875) and Ursprunging monastery (1657–1832) . 2nd edition Mannheim: self-published by Franz Rothenbacher.
  • Günter, Heinrich (1939), History of the town of Schelklingen up to 1806 . Stuttgart and Berlin: W. Kohlhammer.
  • Martin, Jörg (arrangement) and Stadtarchiv Schelklingen (ed.) (1999), View of Schelklingen: Photographs from 120 years of city history . Schelklingen: Geiger pressure.
  • Rauscher, Julius (1908), The Predicatures in Württemberg before the Reformation: A Contribution to the History of Sermons and Benefices at the End of the Middle Ages. In Württembergische Jahrbücher , No. 2, 152–211.
  • Reith, Reinhold (1991), Lexicon of Old Crafts: From the Late Middle Ages to the 20th Century . Munich: CH Beck.
  • Rothenbacher, Franz (1984), On the building history of the town of Schelklingen. In Stadt Schelklingen (ed.), Schelklingen: History and life of a city . Ulm: Süddeutsche Verlagsanstalt, pp. 86–186.
  • Rothenbacher, Franz (1988), Citizen List of the City of Schelklingen 1880–1930 . Schelklingen: City Archives (Schelklinger Hefte, No. 14).
  • Rothenbacher, Franz (2015), House book of the city of Schelklingen. Vol. 2: Tables of houses . 2nd edition Mannheim: Franz Rothenbacher.
  • Sachs, Hans and Jost Amman (1568; new edition 1984), detailed description of all classes on earth, high and low, clergy and secular, all arts, handicrafts, and trades, etc. from the largest to the smallest also from each origin, invention and use described by the well-known Hans Sachsen diligently ... [Ständebuch] . Frankfurt am Main: Georg Raben.
  • Schieber, Karl, Valentin Gnannt, Robert Uhland and Georg Storz (edit.) (1950), The municipal archives of the Ulm II district (municipalities of the former Blaubeuren district office) . Stuttgart and Cologne: W. Kohlhammer (Württemberg archive inventories, issue 21 (Ulm II district)).
  • City of Schelklingen (Hrsg.) 1984: Schelklingen: History and life of a city . Edited by the city of Schelklingen on the occasion of the city's 750th anniversary. Ulm: South German publishing company.

Coordinates: 48 ° 22 ′ 34.8 "  N , 9 ° 43 ′ 52.6"  E