Bandkeramik-Museum Schwanfeld

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Bandkeramik-Museum Schwanfeld
Original shards with replicas of corresponding whole vessels
Replica of the costume of a priestly family based on idol figures of the band ceramic culture

The Bandkeramik-Museum Schwanfeld is a museum dedicated to the earliest rural cultures in Schwanfeld in Lower Franconia . The museum exhibits artifacts of the ceramic band culture , which represents the first archaeological culture of the Neolithic in Central Europe (5500–2200 BC). It was opened on October 16, 2010 in Fröhrshof, Pfarrgasse 4. The costs amounted to 360,000 euros.

Excavation site

The work of the prehistorian Jens Lüning was decisive . He provided evidence that at Schwanfeld (excavation school) around 5400 BC Until then the oldest known ceramic tapestry houses were built in Germany. This oldest village, which dates back to 5300 BC. Existed, consisted of four courtyards. It was then moved to a location nearby (Wipfelder Straße), where it existed for another 400 years. The grave of a 25-year-old man who lived around 5400 BC was excavated at the first settlement site. He came to Schwanfeld with his family as a child from Bohemia and could be identified as a ritual village founder. He was still venerated 450 years later as the founding forefather, because in this late period of the band ceramics a six-year-old boy was buried in the ruins of the house in which the village founder had lived as a child. In the younger village (Wipfelder Straße), an excavation was carried out directly at the Schwanfeld exit in autumn 2014 during road construction. The total area of ​​this village is about 8 hectares.

Genetic comparisons of Mesolithic people and members of the early peasant cultures rule out a mix-up between members of the hunter-gatherers and those of the peasant culture and therefore speak in favor of colonization by band ceramists who also brought their cattle. The colonists can be traced back to a Middle Eastern origin. The evidence for the previously unknown courtyard model as a principle for the next 500 years of ribbon ceramic culture was revealing .

concept

Finds from Schwanfeld

The concept of the museum is based on the combination of classical presentation of the exhibits, which are however by no means easy to grasp and classify for the visitors. For this reason, an object, usually a copy, was made available for each showcase so that it could be tried out (“hands-on museum”). The architect Ursula Sauer-Hauck with her project office for cultural design implemented the ideas for the testing of objects and pieces of clothing by the visitors in twelve subject areas. As a result, only 16 of the 1049 flint artifacts were exhibited.

The ground floor is about the discovery and excavation of the site, as well as the clarification of the immigration hypothesis of Neolithic farmers with their cattle and grains. A film contribution serves as a thematic introduction.

On the upper floor, the 150-year history of the village is presented on the basis of eleven themes on 230 m². These include clearing and establishing settlements, securing livelihoods, growing and processing wheat, building houses, ceramics, art and symbols, clay statuettes and ancestral cult, ritual clothing, hairstyles, funeral customs, clothing and jewelry as well as kitchen. In addition to the originals from Schwanfeld and other sources of ceramic tape, replicas are used to deepen the understanding of the culture of the time. Films with ethnographic and folkloric analogies also serve this purpose.

literature

  • Jens Lüning , Ursula Sauer-Hauck: Stone Age farmers 7500 years ago in Franconia , in: Museum today. Facts - Tendencies - Help , published by the State Office for Non-State Museums at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, Munich 2011. ( online , PDF)

Web links

Commons : Bandkeramik-Museum Schwanfeld  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Website of the Bandkeramik-Museum .
  2. ↑ Markus Tremmel: Pot & Fashion Store. Schwanfeld's new, astonishing Bandkeramik-Museum , in: Bayerische Archäologie 4 (2010) 10 f., PDF.
  3. ↑ At nearby Wipfeld approximately one kilometer of the town center were south-west on a 1983 discovered sites place now means magnetometer of structures to 5300 (from ceramic shoulder Flomborn) founded, with 10 ha unusually large village demonstrate with earthwork ( News from the Stone Age , in: Main Post, July 13, 2015 ). For prospecting: Jörg WE Faßbinder , Roland Linck, Florian Becker, Julia Koch, Lena Kühne: Magnetometer measurement of an enclosed ceramic band settlement near Wipfeld. District of Schweinfurt, Lower Franconia , in: The Archaeological Year in Bavaria 2012, Theiss, 2013, pp. 11–13.
  4. ↑ Jens Lüning (Ed.): Schwanfeld Studies on the Oldest Band Ceramics , University Research on Prehistoric Archeology, Vol. 196, Habelt, Bonn 2011.
  5. ↑ Barbara Bramanti, Mark G. Thomas, W. Haak, M. Unterlaender, Pia Carolin Jores, Kristiina Tambets, I. Antanaitis-Jacobs, Miriam Noël Haidle, Rimantas Jankauskas, C.-J. Kind, Friedrich Lueth, Thomas Terberger , J. Hiller, S. Matsumura, P. Forster, J. Burger: Genetic Discontinuity Between Local Hunter-Gatherers and Central Europe's First Farmers , in: Science Vol. 326, No. 5949 (2009) 137-140 doi: 10.1126 / science.1176869
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Haak, Oleg Balanovsky, Juan J. Sanchez, Sergey Koshel, Valery Zaporozhchenko, Christina J. Adler, Clio SI Der Sarkissian, Guido Brandt, Carolin Schwarz, Nicole Nicklisch , Veit Dresely, Barbara Fritsch, Elena Balanovska, Richard Villems, Harald Meller, Kurt W. Alt , Alan Cooper: Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic Farmers Reveals Their Near Eastern Affinities , in: PLoS Biology 8,11 (2010) 1-16 DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pbio.1000536
  7. ↑ Markus Tremmel: Pot & Fashion Store. Schwanfeld's new, astonishing Bandkeramik-Museum , in: Bayerische Archäologie 4 (2010) 10 f., PDF.

Coordinates: 49 ° 55 ′ 10.3 "  N , 10 ° 8 ′ 14.4"  E