Bank and Monument (London Underground)
The Bank and Monument are two interconnected stations on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway . They extend under King William Street in the center of the City of London . Officially, they are considered a single station with separate entrances and different names. This station complex , located in tariff zone 1, is also known as the Bank-Monument complex . In 2013 it was used by 52.31 million passengers (around 143,000 people per day).
investment
Bank Station ( N 51 ° 30 '48 "W 0 ° 5' 20" ) is named after the Bank of England , which is located immediately above it. It is the only listed building in London that has its own entrance to the tube. Trains of the Northern Line and Central Line stop here, and Bank is the terminus of a branch of the Docklands Light Railway . The platforms of the Waterloo & City Line are connected to this part of the station complex by two slightly inclined escalators .
Monument Station ( N 51 ° 30 '38 "W 0 ° 5' 9" ) is named after the Monument to the Great Fire of London . It commemorates the Great Fire of London that broke out in the immediate vicinity in 1666. The Circle Line and District Line trains stop in Monument . The connection to the other part of the station complex is made by a conveyor belt around 200 meters long.
history
To 1900
The first station in this part of the city was the station of the Metropolitan District Railway, opened on October 6, 1884 (predecessor of the District Line ). At the beginning it was called Eastcheap (after a street in the area), but was renamed Monument just three weeks later, on November 1st . With the section between Mansion House and Tower Hill , the last gap in the ring route that runs around the entire city center was closed.
Numerous railway companies strove to be allowed to build their routes into the City of London. It started on August 8, 1898 with the Waterloo & City Railway (W&CR, today Waterloo & City Line ), which is basically just a short shuttle line to Waterloo station . The station located under Queen Victoria Street was initially called City and on October 28, 1940, it was named Bank . The first station called Bank was, however, that of the City and South London Railway (C & SLR, today the city branch of the Northern Line ), which began operations on February 25, 1900 and replaced the nearby King William Street station .
Since the platforms were now directly under King William Street (in contrast to the previous terminus), the counter hall had to be built near the intersection with Lombard Street . However, the land prices were so high that the C & SLR could not afford its own station building. An alternative would have been to demolish the church of St Mary Woolnoth , but this failed due to violent public protests. Finally, the C & SLR was able to acquire the church's crypt and set up its counter hall there. The dead buried there were brought to the Ilford cemetery without much concern . The elevator that was built in the crypt at that time is still in operation today.
After 1900
The (provisional) eastern terminus of the Central London Railway (CLR, now Central Line ) followed on July 30, 1900. The company had undertaken to build the tunnel exactly under the roads above. In this way, later compensation payments to property owners due to vibrations in the buildings should be avoided. As a result, the platforms under Poultry and Threadneadle Streets are severely curved so that it is not possible to see the other end from one end of the platform. To the east of the station, the tunnel is also strongly curved to avoid the vaults of the Bank of England.
The high land prices in the city, coupled with the immediate vicinity of the Royal Exchange , the Bank of England and the Mansion House , meant that the CLR station had to be built completely underground. However, this was exactly under one of the busiest intersections in all of London. The City of London Corporation ensured that the station could also be used as a pedestrian underpass. The counter halls of the W&CR and the CLR were connected a little later by a tunnel. An underground connection to the station of the C & SLR, however, could only be established in the 1920s after the invention of the escalator . Monument station and the platforms of the Northern Line were finally connected in 1933 by building a tunnel.
On January 11, 1941, during the Second World War , the Central Line counter was hit directly by a German bomb . It hit the street and brought down the ceiling of the hall below. 56 people were killed and a further 69 people injured. Road traffic had to be guided over the impact crater with a Bailey Bridge . The station could be reopened on March 17th. Of the lifts to the Central Line, which were also destroyed in the bombing, the first one was put back into operation in December 1941. The station was not completely restored until 1947.
An underground extension to Bank was built for the Docklands Light Railway and opened on July 29, 1991. The platforms were built parallel to those of the Northern Line, but slightly below. Thanks to the newly built connecting tunnels, it was no longer necessary to pass the platforms of the Northern Line to get from the Central Line to Monument Station. In addition, another connecting tunnel was built from the DLR to the Waterloo & City Line.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ COUNTS - 2014 - annual entries & exits. (PDF, 44 kB) (No longer available online.) Transport for London, 2015, archived from the original on February 21, 2016 ; accessed on December 29, 2017 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ District Line. Clive's Underground Line Guides, accessed January 28, 2013 .
- ^ Waterloo Line. Clive's Underground Line Guides, accessed January 28, 2013 .
- ^ Northern Line. Clive's Underground Line Guides, accessed January 28, 2013 .
- ↑ St Mary Woolnoth. (No longer available online.) A London Tourist Guide, archived from the original on March 30, 2013 ; accessed on January 28, 2013 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Central Line. Clive's Underground Line Guides, accessed January 28, 2013 .
- ↑ Analysis of casualty and fatality figures. The Underground at war, accessed January 28, 2013 .
- ↑ Jon R. Day, Jon Reed; The Story of London's Underground. 8th edition 2001, ISBN 185414 245 3 , p. 140.
- ^ Docklands Light Railway. Clive's Underground Line Guides, accessed January 28, 2013 .
| Previous station | Transport for London | Next station |
|---|---|---|
| St. Paul's |
|
Liverpool Street |
| Cannon Street |
|
Tower Hill |
| Cannon Street |
|
Tower Hill |
| Moor gate |
|
London Bridge |
| Waterloo |
|
final destination |
| final destination |
|
Shadwell |