Barriada

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With Barriadas particularly in peripheral areas of large cities are Peru's lying slum called. These are informal settlements or slums where the residents do not have legal property. Similar neighborhoods in Brazil are called favelas .

They essentially consist of a collection of small huts that are initially built from wood waste, fabric and scrap, mostly on steep slopes or other areas that are difficult to colonize. In later expansion stages, real small houses are built from stones, which are often also plastered and painted over the years.

In Peru there are more than 800 barriadas, which today are euphemistically called Young Settlements ( Pueblos Jovenes ). More than two million people live in such areas in Lima .

controversy

While some governments see Barriada exclusively as problem areas to be resolved by resettlement, in recent years some architects have been interested in the phenomenon of self-built houses . Older barriadas actually have a certain infrastructure with power supply, drinking and sewage pipes.

British architect John Turner even described Lima's famous barriadas as "orderly, well-functioning, self-governing settlements made up of people who not only know exactly what they wanted to build, but also how".

In fact, the statistical processing of the 1972 census for Peru (unpublished state examination paper by Franz-Josef Knur, University of Gießen , 1975) shows that the barriadas of three exemplary cities (Lima / Callao, Arequipa and Chimbote) are often emerging urban districts ( "Barriadas de esperenza"). According to this study, the positive development is favored by the selective character of internal migration, which leads to a concentration of human resources in the barriadas. This development on the outskirts of the city is accompanied by the decay of the inner-city “ tugurios ” (also “barriadas de miseria”) and a massive brain drain in rural areas. Accordingly, literacy and the employment rate in the barriadas are often well above the national average.

The result is usually the social and economic consolidation of the barriadas, which in almost all cases also has the political and administrative recognition as “Pueblos Jovenes”, combined with their integration into the urban infrastructure.