Basal spot ground owl

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Basal spot ground owl
Eugnorisma depuncta.jpg

Basal spot ground owl ( Eugnorisma (Metagnorisma) depunctum )

Systematics
Subfamily : Noctuinae
Tribe : Noctuini
Sub tribus : Noctuina
Genre : Eugnorism
Subgenus : Metagnorism
Type : Basal spot ground owl
Scientific name
Eugnorisma (Metagnorisma) depunctum
( Linnaeus , 1761)

The basal spot ground owl ( Eugnorisma depunctum , often with the wrong ending depuncta ), also known as the dark brown ground owl , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the owl butterflies (Noctuidae).

features

butterfly

The wingspan of the moth is 34 to 44 millimeters. The forewing color varies from light brown to yellow-gray to dark brown, but can also be tinged red-brown. A distinctive black spot can be seen in the basal field. There are more black spots on the costal edge . Ring and kidney flaws are outlined in light and partially surrounded by darker fields. Some veins are pale in color. The outer transverse line and the wavy line are darkened and weakly wavy. Small black dots stand out in between. There are dark brown arrow spots on the inside of the hem line. The seam area has a slightly darkened tint. The hind wings of Eugnorisma depunctum (Linnaeus, 1761) are gray-brown.

Caterpillar, pupa

The caterpillar is yellowish-gray in color and has an indistinct light back line. It has many small, dark speckles and spots. The broad, light side stripe is sharply delimited at the top, the stigmas are white with a black border. The red-brown doll has two thorns on the cremaster .

Similar species

In the somewhat smaller Eugnorisma arenoflavidum (Schawerda, 1934), which occurs in Spain, Portugal and Morocco , the hind wings are whitish. The similar species Eugnorisma ponticum (Staudinger, 1891) occurs in Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Turkestan , which is slightly smaller with a wingspan of 31 to 38 millimeters and also differs from Eugnorisma depunctatum and Eugnorisma arenoflavidum through the pale gray hind wings a broad, darker outer band and different genitals.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The basal spot ground owl is widespread in Europe, west to England, north to Scotland and Fennoscandia , south to southern France, southern Italy, Sicily and Greece, also in the east to the Caucasus and Turkestan . However, it is absent in northern France, the Benelux countries and some western regions of Germany, as well as on most of the Mediterranean islands. It occurs both in dry areas, such as heaths or warm slopes, as well as in mixed forests, moist stream valleys and parks. In the mountains it can still be found at altitudes of 1500 meters.

Way of life

The basal spot ground owl forms one generation per year, whose moths fly from July to September. The moths are nocturnal and come to the bait and artificial light sources . The females lay the eggs in small clutches. After hatching, the caterpillars eat the eggshells and live in small groups. They overwinter without eating. In the spring they feed on various plants, such as Soft lungwort ( Pulmonaria mollis ), Taubnesseln ( Lamium ), blueberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ) or stinging nettle ( Urtica dioica ). The caterpillars usually feed at night. They pupate mostly in May in a burrow.

Danger

The species is not found in all federal states, but in Germany it is not classified as acutely endangered on the Red List of Threatened Species .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Fibiger (199 =: p.155)
  2. ↑ a b Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p.24)
  3. ↑ Axel Steiner in Ebert (1998: pp. 439–441)
  4. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9

literature

annotation

  1. ↑ The genus Eugnorisma and the subgenus Metagnorisma are neuter (from the Greek το γνώρισμα, mark, characteristic); the ending must be adapted accordingly according to the IRZN Article 31.2 (see also Axel Steiner in Ebert (1998))

Web links

Commons : Basal Spot Ground Owl  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files