Soft lungwort

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Soft lungwort
Soft lungwort (Pulmonaria mollis subsp. Mollis)

Soft lungwort ( Pulmonaria mollis subsp. Mollis )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Subfamily : Boraginoideae
Tribe : Boragineae
Genre : Lung herbs ( pulmonaria )
Type : Soft lungwort
Scientific name
Pulmonaria mollis
Wulfen ex Hornem.

The soft lungwort ( Pulmonaria mollis ) is a plant from the family of the predatory leaf family (Boraginaceae). It is common in Europe and the temperate zones of Asia.

description

Habitus
inflorescence

Appearance and leaf

The soft lungwort is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 50 centimeters. The stem grows upright.

The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade and have shiny, delicate, short bristles on the upper side. Small, light green spots appear very rarely. The basal leaves are broadly elliptical with a length of 20 to 30 centimeters with a pointed upper end and narrowed into the petiole. The uppermost stem leaves are simple with a length of 4 to 10 centimeters and a width of 2 to 4 centimeters, their petiole is narrow in the lower part, gradually widening in the upper part and slightly descending on the stem.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is mainly in April and May. The flowers sit in fairly loose inflorescences . The flower stalks are densely hairy glandular. The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The corolla is first red, then purple and finally blue-purple and 1.5 to 2 centimeters long. The corolla tube is still hairy under the hair ring. The anthers are mostly black-violet.

The nuts are egg-shaped with a length of more or less 4 to 5 millimeters, initially with short hairs, when ripe, glabrous and shiny dark brown to black in color.

The chromosome number for both subspecies is 2n = 18.

Occurrence and endangerment

Soft lungwort ( Pulmonaria mollis subsp. Mollis )

Pulmonaria mollis occurs rarely to absent-mindedly in southern and western Germany, Belgium, France, northern Spain, Austria and Switzerland.

The soft lungwort can be found scattered in Austria and is potentially endangered. In Switzerland it is rare and only with the subspecies Pulmonaria mollis subsp. alpigena , which is also rarely found in Austria. The species is rare in Germany. The subspecies Pulmonaria mollis subsp. alpigena only grows in the Alps and in the foothills of the Alps, while Pulmonaria mollis subsp. mollis is rarely found, especially in northern and central Bavaria and in Baden-Württemberg. According to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV), the species is particularly protected.

The soft lungwort grows in mixed deciduous, dry and floodplain forests. It thrives best on fresh, chalky clay soils . In Central Europe it grows in societies of the order Origanetalia, Prunetalia, Fagetalia or Quercetalia pubescentis. In the Allgäu Alps it rises in the border area of ​​the Tyrolean part near Kaisers at the entrance to the Kaisertal in the subspecies subsp. alpigena up to an altitude of 1530 meters.

Systematics

Pulmonaria mollis was first published in 1815 by Franz Xaver von Wulfen in Jens Wilken Hornemann : Flora Wirceburgensis… Suppl., P. 13. Synonyms for Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem. are: Pulmonaria montana var. pseudoangustifolia Guşul. , Pulmonaria montana subsp. mollis (Hornem.) chamois , Pulmonaria media host , Pulmonaria mollissima A. Kern. , Pulmonaria mollis subsp. mollissima (A.Kern.) Nyman .

Of Pulmonaria mollis There are two subspecies. The two subspecies differ mainly in the stiffness of the hairs and the color of the corolla:

  • Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem. subsp. mollis  : It occurs in France, in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe.
  • Prealp lungwort ( Pulmonaria mollis subsp. Alpigena W.Sauer ): It is found in France, Switzerland, Germany and Austria. It thrives and a. in the Trifolio-Agrimonietum from the Trifolion medii association.

The genus Pulmonaria is extremely complex and difficult. There are numerous transitions and hybrid forms between the individual species. In some cases, the specific clans can only be determined by chromosome analysis. The dissemination information in the literature is therefore often incomplete or incorrect.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pulmonaria mollis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  786 .
  3. ↑ Pulmonaria mollis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 373.
  5. ↑ a b c Benito Valdés, 2011: Boraginaceae. : Datasheet Pulmonaria mollis In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Soft lungwort ( Pulmonaria mollis )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files