Bashkirium

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system Subsystem step ≈ age ( mya )
higher higher higher younger
Carbon Pennsylvania Gzhelium 298.9

303.7
Kasimovium 303.7

307
Moskovium 307

315.2
Bashkirium 315.2

323.2
Mississippium Serpukhovium 323.2

330.9
Visa 330.9

346.7
Tournaisium 346.7

358.9
deeper deeper deeper older

The Bashkirium is the lowest chronostratigraphic level of the Pennsylvania ( carbon ) in the history of the earth . In absolute numbers ( geochronologically ) the stage corresponds to the period from about 323.2 million to about 315.2 million years. The level follows the Serpukhovium and is replaced by the Moskovium .

Naming and history

The stage is named after the people of the Bashkirs or the Republic of Bashkiria (officially: Republic of Bashkortostan ) in the southern Urals ( Russia ). The level and name was proposed by Sofija Viktorovna Semichatova in 1934 .

Definition and GSSP

The lower limit of the level and thus the lower limit of the Pennsylvania is due to the first appearance of the conodont species Declinognathodus nodiliferus s. l. Are defined. The stage ends with the first appearance of conodont kind Declinognathodus donetzianus and / or postsulcatus Idiognathoides and the fusulinids -Art Aljutovella aljutovica . The official reference profile of the International Commission for Stratigraphy ("Global Stratotype Section and Point") for the Bashkirium is a profile in the Battleship Wash Formation in Arrow Canyon ( Nevada , USA ).

Breakdown

The Bashkirium is divided into six conodont biozones:

Individual evidence

  1. M. Menning, AS Alekseev, BI Chuvashov, VI Davydovd F.-X. Devuyst, HC Forke, TA Grunt, L. Hance, PH Heckel, NG Izokh, Y.-G. Jin, PJ Jones, GV Kotlyar, HW Kozur, TI Nemyrovskao, JW Schneider, X.-D. Wang, K. Weddige, D. Weyer and DM Work: Global time scale and regional stratigraphic reference scales of Central and West Europe, East Europe, Tethys, South China, and North America as used in the Devonian – Carboniferous – Permian Correlation Chart 2003 (DCP 2003). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 240 (1-2): 318-372, Amsterdam 2006

literature

  • Felix Gradstein, Jim Ogg, Jim & Alan Smith: A Geologic timescale. Cambridge University Press 2004, ISBN 0-521-78673-8
  • H. Richard Lane, Paul L. Brenckle, JF Baesemann, and Barry Richards: The IUGS boundary in the middle of the Carboniferous: Arrow Canyon, Nevada, USA. In: Episodes. 22 (4): 272-283, Beijing 1999.
  • Hans Murawski & Wilhelm Meyer: Geological dictionary . 10., rework. u. exp. Ed., 278 pages, Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-432-84100-0 .

Web links

Germany 2002 . Potsdam 2002 ISBN 3-00-010197-7 (PDF; 6.57 MB)