Baynard Castle

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Remains of the castle earthworks, Ordnance Survey Map 1: 252 (1910)

Baynard Castle is an Outbound castle in the village of Cottingham in the English Management Unit East Riding of Yorkshire . The castle and moat from the 12th and 13th centuries is documented as Castle at Cottingham or Stutville's Castle . The term Baynard Castle did not come up until the 19th century.

description

The earthworks of the castle are laid out in a rectangular shape and consist of a wall and a moat, which enclose an area of ​​around 45,000 m². A second line of earthworks protected the northern half of the castle. A donjon is said to have stood in the northeast corner and the current entrance to the castle complex in the southeast quarter is reminiscent of the original entrance.

history

References to a manor house on what would later become the castle grounds in Cottingham date back to the 1170s. In 1200 King John Ohneland was a guest at William de Stuteville's in Cottingham, was entertained there and granted Stuteville market rights for the village and the fortifications of the manor house. In 1201 the permission to fortify the mansion (English: "License to crenellate") was issued. A moat was built in 1272 and a double moat and a border wall are documented for 1282.

After the death of Nicholas de Stuteville, the castle fell through his daughter Joan in 1233 to Hugh Wake and then to his descendants. King Edward I spent Christmas 1299 at the castle. In 1327 Thomas Wake, 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell , received a second royal permit to fortify the castle, but by the time he died in 1349 the manor was said to have been in ruins.

After Thomas Wake's death, the castle fell to the Earls of Kent (and Barone Holand ) through his sister Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell . From 1365 the manor house was repaired and the construction of a gate was commissioned.

The Cottingham manor was divided among three daughters in 1407, after which the castle was apparently no longer needed. The gatehouse, however, was rebuilt in 1500 and 1501. John Leland mentioned farmhouses within the castle fortifications in his 1538 travel guide, and in 1590 William Camden described the castle as a ruin.

"When I entered the great highland town of Cottingham, I saw where the Stuteville fort - enclosed with a double wall and moat - stood, of which nothing remains today."
- John Leland, travel diary 1538.

Mansion

There is a legend about an earlier mansion that was probably destroyed on the orders of its owner in 1541. The owner was expecting Henry VIII's visit and feared the king's amorous approaches to his wife and ultimately for his own well-being. So he ordered the house to be set on fire to prevent the king from visiting.

Today's Old Manor House (also called Sarum Manor ) is located in the southern half of the castle, outside the second moat, and probably dates from the 16th century with additions and changes from the 20th century. English Heritage has listed it as a Grade II Historic Building.

today

The name Baynard Castle has been used since around the 19th century. The castle grounds have been a Scheduled Monument since 1949 . In addition to the Old Manor House , two other buildings are listed near the castle grounds, a coach house with its stable and The White House , both two-story brick buildings from the 18th century on the way to the castle grounds.

Others

Cottingham Castle was also the name of a 19th century mansion built for Thomas Thompson (1754-1828) that burned down in the 1860s. Today Castle Hill Hospital is named after him.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Baynard Castle . Historic England - Pastscape. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  2. ^ Ordnance Survey Map 1: 252 (1910)
  3. ↑ John Leland: Joannis Lelandi Antiquarii de rebus britannicis collectanea: Cum Thomae Hearnii Præfatione Notis et Indice ad Editonem first intention ( Latin ) Gul. & Jo. Richardson. 1770. Retrieved December 4, 2015: "Joannes rex hospitatus cum Gul: Stotevil spud Cotingham"
  4. ↑ John Leland: Joannis Lelandi Antiquarii de rebus britannicis collectanea: Cum Thomae Hearnii Præfatione Notis et Indice ad Editonem first intention ( Latin ) Gul. & Jo. Richardson. 1770. Retrieved on December 4, 2015: "Et Gul: de Estoteville dedit idem rex licentiam habendi nundina fingulis annis apud Butteroham apud Cotingham, & in iisdem locis firmare Cotingham castella"
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Baynard Castle, Cottingham . In: Castle Facts . Retrieved on December 4, 2015.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.castlefacts.info  
  6. ^ A b The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary . Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  7. ^ William Camden: Britannia ( Latin ) The Philological Museum, University of Birmingham. 1607. Accessed December 4, 2015: “Paulo inferius Cottingham opidum rusticanum satis longum procurrit, ubi castrum in ruinas iam dissipatum extruxit, licentiam permittente rege Ioanne, Robertus Estotevill a Roberto Grundebeofe Normanno barone ortus, .. (A little lower runneth out in a great length Cottingham, a country towne of husbandry, where by license granted from King John, Robert Estotevill the Lord thereof built a Castle, now utterly fallen to ruine. Which Robert was descended from Robert Grondebeofe or Grandebeofe, a Baron of Normandie .. ) "
  8. ↑ George Oliver: The history and antiquities of the town and minster of Beverley, in the county of York, from the most early period: with historical and descriptive sketches of the abbeys of Watton and Meaux, the convent of Haltemprise, the villages of Cottingham , Leckonfield, Bishop and Cherry Burton, Walkington, Risby, Scorburgh, and the hamlets comprised within the liberties of Beverley . M. Turner. Pp. 464-465. 1829. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  9. ^ Edward Baines: History, Directory & Gazetteer, of the County of York . Pp. 188-189. 1823. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  10. ↑ According to George Oliver: The History and Antiquities if the Town and Minster of Beverley ... of 1829, the legend explains the current state of the castle, but he mentions that the lord was a de Wake and died without male descendants, according to which the land was divided between his three daughters - but the manor of Cottingham had long since passed from the De Wakes to Thomas Wake at the time of Henry VIII and a division of the manor into three parts is dated to 1407, that is for a long time from Henry VIII. The story also appears in other nineteenth-century literary sources such as Edward Baines: History, Directory & Gazetteer, of the County of York , Volume 2, of 1823, and others. In Charles Overtons: The History of Cottingham, 1861, the author mentions the chronological contradictions of the story and concludes: “I am tempted, by the force of evidence, to make the legend of Henry VIII and Cottingham Castle so often told as complete fiction to be classified ... "
  11. ^ Charles Overton: The history of Cottingham . JW Leng. Pp. 36-41. 1861. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  12. ↑ Old Manor House . Historic England. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  13. ^ Baynard Castle . Historic England. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  14. ^ Coach House and Stable at Number 270 . Historic England. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  15. ^ The White House . Historic England. Retrieved December 4, 2015.

swell

  • Plantagenet Somerset Fry: The David & Charles Book of Castles . David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1980. ISBN 0-7153-7976-3 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 46 ′ 58.5 "  N , 0 ° 25 ′ 17.6"  W.