Behavioral Skills Training

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The verhaltenssorientierte skills training ( Behavioral Skills Training ) is a behavioral analysis -based, general training method to safety to practice behaviors. It is used, among other things, to teach children how to behave correctly when kidnapping or unwanted advances, when finding firearms or other dangerous objects.

Components

The training includes the following components:

component Explanation / example
instruction The child is shown how to deal with a certain risky situation, e.g. B. when finding a firearm should behave.
Modeling The trainer demonstrates safe behavior to the child. The trainer is praised for correct behavior by himself or by another adult participating in the situation.
Repetition The child should now show the safe behavior themselves. More complex behaviors are divided into individual steps and learned separately. This is repeated until the child can effortlessly and correctly display all of the safe behavior.
Positive and corrective feedback The child is praised for correct execution during training. In the event of errors, it will be corrected and asked to show the relevant step again.
In-situ training and assessment If the previous training is not sufficient, the behavior is still practiced in the child's natural environment (in-situ training). Situations are arranged without prior notice so that the child has the opportunity to show the behavior. This step has been found to be very effective for the whole workout.
Maintenance and generalization of behavior The learned safe behavior is practiced again and again at variable time intervals and in as different situations as possible until it occurs reliably and effortlessly here too.

The training can be carried out by teachers or therapists as well as in a computer-aided version.

application areas

Behavioral Skills Training is used as a method for imparting knowledge and skills individually or in the context of behavioral intervention programs (such as applied behavior analysis or behavior-based safety ). It has already been used, among other things, to teach children how to react safely when a firearm or a lighter is found, adults with intellectual disabilities how to react correctly to attempts at sexual harassment, children how to behave correctly against advances by strangers and school children the correct behavior when attempted kidnapping get lost) and teach sexual assault. It was also used to teach language skills to children with autism and social skills to children with Asperger's syndrome and to teach behavioral analytical skills to employees of social institutions and parents of disabled children, including the ability to conduct behavioral skills training themselves. It is also used in the area of ​​behavior-based safety. Its effectiveness in comparison with other training methods has been proven.

See also

literature

Raymond G. Miltenberger: Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures . Wadsworth Inc Fulfillment, 2011, ISBN 978-1-111-30612-0 , 12. Behavioral Skills Training Procedures, pp. 217-234 (English).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ John Ward-Horner, Peter Sturmey: Component analysis of behavioral skills training . In: Behavioral Interventions . tape 27 , no. 1 . Wiley Online Library, 2012, doi : 10.1002 / bin.1339 .
  2. ↑ a b Erin S. Petscher: Behavioral Safety Training. A brief literature review . In: Behavioral Parenting . tape 5 , no. 2 , 2007, p. 4-8 .
  3. ↑ Raymond G. Miltenberger, Amy Gross, Peter Knudson, Amanda Bosch, Candice Jostad, Carrie Brower Breitwieser: Evaluating behavioral skills training with and without simulated in situ training for teaching safety skills to children . In: Education and Treatment of Children . tape 32 , no. 1 , February 2009, p. 63-75 , doi : 10.1353 / etc.0.0049 .
  4. ↑ Nicholas R. Vanselow, Gregory P. Hanley: An evaluation of computerized behavioral skills training to teach safety skills to young children . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 46 , no. 1 , 2014, p. 51-69 , doi : 10.1002 / jaba.105 .
  5. ↑ a b Brian J. Gatheridge, Raymond G. Miltenberger, Daniele F. Huneke, Melisa J. Satter Lund, Amanda R. Mattern, Brigitte M. Johnson, Christopher A. Flessner: Comparison of two programs to teach firearm injury prevention skills to 6 - and 7-year old children . In: Pediatrics . tape 114 , no. 3 , 2004, 294-299, doi : 10.1542 / peds.2003-0635-L .
  6. ↑ Michael B. Himle, Raymond G. Miltenberger: Preventing unintentional firearm injury in children: The need for behavioral skills training . In: Education and Treatment of Children . tape 27 , 2004, p. 161-177 .
  7. ↑ Michael B. Himle, Raymond G. Miltenberger, Christopher A. Flessner, Brian J. Gatheridge: Teaching safety skills to children to prevent gun play . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 37 , no. 1 , 2004, p. 1–9 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.2004.37-1 , PMC 1284473 (free full text).
  8. Jump up ↑ Raymond G. Miltenberger, Christopher A. Flessner, Brian J. Gatheridge, Brigitte Johnson, Melisa Satterlund, Kristin R. Egemo: Evaluation of behavioral skills training to prevent gun play in children . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 37 , no. 4 , 2004, p. 513-516 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.2004.37-513 , PMC 1284528 (free full text).
  9. ^ Raymond. G. Miltenberger, Brian J. Gatheridge, Melisa Satterlund, Kristin R. Egemo-Helm, Brigitte M. Johnson, Candice Jostad, Pamela Kelso, Christopher A. Flessner: Teaching safety skills to children to prevent gun play: An evaluation of in situ training . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 38 , no. 3 , 2005, p. 395–398 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.2005.130-04 , PMC 1226173 (free full text).
  10. ^ Amy Gross, Raymond G. Miltenberger, Peter Knudson, Amanda Bosch, Carrie Brower Breitwieser: Preliminary Evaluation of a Parent Training Program to Prevent Gun Play . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 40 , no. 4 , 2007, p. 691–695 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.2007.691-695 , PMC 2078577 (free full text).
  11. ↑ Andrew J. Houvouras IV, Mark T. Harvey: Establishing fire safety skills using behavioral skills training . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 47 , no. 2 , 2014, p. 420-424 , doi : 10.1002 / jaba.113 .
  12. ↑ Raymond G. Miltenberger, Jennifer A. Roberts, Sherry Ellingson, Tamy Galensky, John T. Rapp, Ethan S. Long, Vicky A. Lumley: Training and generalization of sexual abuse prevention skills for women with mental retardation . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 32 , no. 3 , 1999, p. 385–388 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.1999.32-385 , PMC 1284200 (free full text).
  13. ↑ Vicki A. Limley, Raymond G. Miltenberger, Ethan S. Long, John T. Rapp, Jennifer A. Roberts: Evaluation of a sexual abuse prevention program for adults with mental retardation . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 31 , no. 1 , 1998, p. 91-101 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.1998.31-91 , PMC 1284101 (free full text).
  14. ↑ Cheryl Poche, Richard Brouwer, Michael Swearingen: Teaching self-protection to young children . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 14 , no. 2 , 1981, p. 169–176 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.1981.14-169 , PMC 1308200 (free full text).
  15. ↑ Brigitte M. Johnson, Raymond G. Miltenberger, Kristin R. Egemo-Helm, Candice M. Jostad, Christopher A. Flessner, Brian J. Gatheridge: Evaluation of behavioral skills training for teaching abduction-prevention skills to young children . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 38 , no. 1 , 2005, p. 67–78 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.2005.26-04 , PMC 1224410 (free full text).
  16. ↑ Brigitte M. Johnson, Raymond G. Miltenberger, Peter Knudon, Kristin R. Egemo-Helm, Pamela Kelso, Candice M. Jostad, Linda Langley: A preliminary evaluation of two behavioral skills training procedures for teaching abduction-prevention skills to schoolchildren . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 39 , no. 1 , 2006, p. 25–34 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.2006.167-04 , PMC 1389609 (free full text).
  17. ↑ Jennifer Pan-Skadden, David A. Wilder, Jessica Sparling, Erica Severtson, Jeanne Donaldson, Nicki Postma, Gracie Beavers, Pamela Neidert: The use of behavioral skills training and in-situ training to teach children to solicit help when lost: A preliminary investigation . In: Education and Treatment of Children . tape 32 , no. 3 , 2009, ISSN  0748-8491 .
  18. ^ Sandy K. Wurtele: Teaching personal safety skills to four-year-old children: A behavioral approach . In: Behavior Therapy . tape 21 , no. 1 , 1990, p. 25-32 , doi : 10.1016 / S0005-7894 (05) 80186-8 .
  19. ↑ Jodi E. Nuernberger, Joel E. Ringdahl, Kristina K. Vargo, Anna C. Crumpecker, Karl F. Gunnarsson: Using a behavioral skills training package to teach conversation skills to young adults with autism spectrum disorders . In: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders . tape 7 , no. 2 , February 2013, p. 411-417 , doi : 10.1016 / j.rasd.2012.09.004 .
  20. ^ Rocio Rosales, Karen Stone, Ruth Anne Rehfeldt: The effects of behavioral skills training on implementation of the picture exchange communication system . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 42 , no. 3 , 2009, Sp. 541-549 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.2009.42-541 , PMC 2741079 (free full text).
  21. ↑ Kelise K. Stewart, James E. Carr, Linda A. LeBlanc: Evaluation of family-implemented behavioral skills training for teaching social skills to a child with Asperger's disorder . In: Clinical Case Studies . tape 6 , no. 3 , June 2007, p. 252-262 , doi : 10.1177 / 1534650106286940 .
  22. ↑ Randi A. Sarokoff, Peter Sturmey: The effects of behavioral skills training on staff implementation of discrete-trial teaching . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 37 , no. 4 , 2004, p. 535-538 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.2004.37-535 , PMC 1284533 (free full text).
  23. ↑ Nicholas I Miles, David A Wilder: The effects of behavioral skills training on caregiver implementation of guided compliance . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 42 , no. 2 , 2009, p. 405-410 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.2009.42-405 , PMC 2695349 (free full text).
  24. ↑ Michael Lafasakis, Peter Sturmey: Training parent implementation of discrete-trial teaching. Effects on generalization of parent teaching and child correct responding . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 40 , no. 4 , 2007, p. 685-689 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.2007.685-689 , PMC 2078576 (free full text).
  25. ↑ MB Parsons, JH Rollyson, DH Reid: Teaching practitioners to conduct behavioral skills training. A pyramidal approach for training multiple human service staff . In: Mark Dixon (Ed.): Behavior Analysis in Practice . tape 6 , no. 2 , 2013, ISSN  1998-1929 .
  26. ↑ Barry J. Berghaus: Research needed on behavior skills training to teach young workers workplace safety skills . In: Behaviorology Today . tape 13 , no. 1 , 2010, ISSN  1536-6669 , p. 10–14 ( behaviorology.org [PDF; 102 kB ; accessed on October 15, 2014]).
  27. ↑ Kimberley V. Beck, Raymond C. Miltenberger: Evaluation of a commercially available program and in situ training by parents to teach abduction-prevention skills to children . In: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . tape 42 , no. 4 , 2009, p. 761–772 , doi : 10.1901 / jaba.2009.42-761 , PMC 2790926 (free full text).
  28. ↑ Michael B. Himle, Raymond G. Miltenberger, Brian J. Gatheridge, Christopher A. Flessner: An evaluation of two procedures for training skills to prevent gun-play behavior in children . In: Pediatrics . tape 113 , no. 1 , 2004, p. 70-77 .