Ber Borochov

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Ber Borochov

(Dov) Ber Borochov or (Dow) Ber Borochow, also Borokhov and Boruchow, (born July 3, 1881 in Solotonoscha , then the Russian Empire , now Ukraine ; died December 17, 1917 in Kiev ) was a co-founder of the world socialist-Zionist association of the Poale Zion , the founder of the Jewish Social Democratic Workers' Party "Poale Zion" and one of the first representatives of the still young Yiddish linguistics .

Life

Borochov attended a Russian school and was enthusiastic about the socialist ideas of his time. Like most Jewish high school graduates, he had no opportunity to study at a Russian university and was therefore self-taught in many areas. He spoke several languages. In 1901 he founded the Zionist Socialist Workers Union in Russia .

During the controversy over the question of which area the Jewish state should be founded in, the British Uganda program was presented. Borochov shared the opinion of Menachem Ussishkin , who opposed any territory other than Palestine . At the seventh Zionist Congress in 1905 he led the part of the Poalei Zion delegates who spoke out against Uganda.

At the eighth Congress, two years later, he promoted the withdrawal of the Russian Poale Zion from the Zionist Organization. From now until the outbreak of World War I, Borochov campaigned in Central and Western Europe for the goals of the Poalei-Zion World Union. During his stay in Vienna, which lasted from 1907 to 1914, he also undertook intensive research into the history of the Yiddish language and literature.

In 1914 Borochov came to the United States and became the spokesman for the American Poalei Zion, the World Jewish Congress and the American Jewish Congress . Here he also published the Yiddish newspaper Di Warheit (New York). He returned to Russia before the October Revolution . In 1917 he agitated for the establishment of Palestinian settlements on the socialist model. He was of the opinion that Jews and Arabs had the same interests in the class struggle and could live side by side in Palestine.

Borochov died in 1917 while on a lecture tour in Kiev. In 1963 his remains were buried in the Kibbutz Kinneret cemetery alongside the other founders of socialist Zionism.

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Ber Borochov was a prolific writer and recognized analyst. His work deals with a wide variety of topics about Jewish history, economy, language, culture, politics, etc. The synthesis of class struggle and nationalism that he made possible at a time when Marxism rejected all nationalism is seen as an important theoretical contribution the Jewish.

With its two 1913 pinkess published essays Ojfgabn the jidischer filologje fun and Di bibliotek funem jidischn filolog put Borochov the basis for the modern Yiddish linguistics. He defended Yiddish against the Hebraists as a language that was at least 700 years old and a primary component of modern Yiddish nationality, and made proposals for a renewed Yiddish spelling. He also called for a modernized Yiddish school system and an "authoritative national body of philological matters" as they then in the twenties with the YIVO was built. He also contributed to the Russian Jewish Encyclopedia and produced a Yiddish bibliography.

Publications

  • Ojfgabn fun der Yidischer filologje and Di bibliotek funem Yidischn filolog. In: The Pinkeß. Vilnius 1913.
  • Socialism and zionism . Verl. Tsukunft (“The Jewish Worker”), Vienna 1932.
  • Class and Nation: On Theory and Practice of Jewish Socialism . Hechaluz, Berlin 1932.
  • On the Question of Zion and the Territory, 1905; Hebrew: Tel Aviv, 1955.

literature

  • Dovid Katz : Ber Borokhov. In: The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Edited by Gershon David Hundert. Volume I, Yale University Press, New Haven / London 2008, pp. 218 f.
  • Julius Hans Schoeps (Ed.): New Lexicon of Judaism. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh / Munich 1992, ISBN 3-570-09877-X , p. 78.
  • John F. Oppenheimer (Red.) And a .: Lexicon of Judaism . 2nd Edition. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh u. a. 1971, ISBN 3-570-05964-2 , col. 112.
  • Christian Dietrich: Between Soviet Russia and Eretz Israel. The radicalization of Austrian worker Zionism 1918 to 1920. In: Arbeit - Bewegungs - Geschichte , 2/2017, pp. 49–64.

Web links

Commons : Ber Borochov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Borochov, Ber
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Borokhov, bear; Borochov, Dov Ber; Borokhov, Ber; Borokhov, Dov Ber; Boruchow, Ber; Boruchow, Dov Ber
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian socialist and Zionist
DATE OF BIRTH July 3, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Zolotonosha
DATE OF DEATH December 17, 1917
Place of death Kiev