Mining

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The term mining describes all fields related to mining , thus the "essence of mining". This area includes the following subjects:

• Processing and refinement (the processing of the mineral raw material into a product that generates revenue),
• Underground mining (creating cavities underground for the purpose of extracting mineral raw materials),
• Surface mining (also called open-cast mining , the purpose here is also the extraction of a mineral raw material),
• Tunnel construction (creating a cavity underground for the purpose of creating a traffic route)
• Constructive civil engineering as far as it affects mining (pressurized water tunnels, caverns , ...)