Bessarion Jugashvili
Bessarion (Besso) Jugashvili ( Georgian ბესარიონ ჯუღაშვილი; * 1853 or 1854 in Didi-Lilo , Tbilisi Governorate , Russian Empire , today Georgia ; † August 25, 1909 in Tbilisi ) was the father of Josef Stalin . He worked as an employed and self-employed shoemaker .
Life
Bessarion Dschugashvili was born as the son of the winemaker Vano Dschugaschwili in the service of the Georgian prince Badur Matschabeli. His brother Giorgi was murdered by bandits. His grandfather, Sasa Dschugashvili, was an Ossetian serf from the South Ossetian village of Geri who took part in the 1804 uprising against the annexation of Georgia by Russia.
First, Bessarion Dschugashvili worked as a craftsman in the G. G. Adelkhanov shoe factory in Tbilisi, then in the shoemaker's workshop of the Armenian Josef Baramow, who supplied the Russian garrison in Gori . After 1872 he set up his own shoemaker's workshop in Gori and employed ten workers and various apprentices.
On May 17, 1872, he married Ketewan Geladze . With her he had three children: Micheil (* February 14, 1875), Giorgi (* December 24, 1876) and Iosseb (* December 6, 1878), the later leader of the CPSU and dictator Stalin . The two firstborn babies died a few months after birth. Only the third-born survived. Family life was initially characterized by prosperity. In the early 1880s, however, he developed into a contentious alcoholic who invested his money in schnapps and regularly beat his wife and son. In 1888 Jughashvili Ketevan left Geladze without divorce.
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Jugashvili's work also suffered from regular alcohol consumption. His shoemaker's workshop was no longer kept alive by his own work, but by that of the apprentices. After he smashed the windows of a pub and attacked the local police chief Davritschewi with a shoemaker's awl, he was expelled from Gori and found work again in the Adelkhanov shoe factory in Tbilisi. The last time he met his son Josef was when he tried to organize a strike in his father's shoe factory.
He died at the Mikhailov Hospital in Tbilisi, where he was being treated for tuberculosis , colitis and chronic pneumonia . Bessarion Dschugashvili was buried in Telavi .
In addition to Georgian, Jugashvili also spoke Russian , Turkish and Armenian .
literature
- Simon Sebag Montefiore : The young Stalin . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-050608-5 .
- Ronald Grigor Suny: Beyond Psychohistory: The Young Stalin in Georgia . In: Slavic Review . 50, 1991, 1, ISSN 0037-6779 , pp. 48-58.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Jugashvili, Bessarion |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | ჯუღაშვილი, ბესარიონ (Georgian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Stalin's father |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1853 or 1854 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Didi-Lilo , Georgia |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 25, 1909 |
| Place of death | Tbilisi , Georgia |