Portrait of Heinrike Dannecker
|
| Portrait of Heinrike Dannecker |
|---|
| Gottlieb Schick , 1802 |
| Oil on canvas |
| 119 × 100 cm |
| Old National Gallery , Berlin |
Portrait of Heinrike Dannecker is a painting from the classicism period by Gottlieb Schick . It shows the first wife of the sculptor Johann Heinrich Dannecker in 1802 in a relaxed manner with an open gaze. The picture was taken in Stuttgart after Schick's stay in Paris. It has been part of the collection of the Berlin Old National Gallery since 1934 .
Description, provenance and background
The picture has the dimensions 119 × 100 cm and is carried out using the technique of oil painting on canvas. The painter's signature is on the lower right at the top of the wall: Schick pinx: 1802
The picture remained with Heinrike Dannecker (née Rapp) after 1802; then went to Henriette Müller (née Rapp, her daughter) in Stuttgart; was in Frankfurt am Main with a woman Jäger ; until 1934 with Miss E. Graubner and then until April 6, 1934 with Carl Graubner in Frankfurt, from whom it bought the National Gallery.
The painting shows Heinrike Dannecker (1773–1823) as a self-confident young woman with an uninhibited, open look in a casual posture who wears fashionable clothes. She sits in front of a gentle bucolic background landscape with a river, floodplains, meadows, groups of trees and a low mountain range horizon line on a piece of wall. The colors of her clothes are based on the French tricolor , because shortly before Gottlieb Schick came back to Stuttgart after three years of apprenticeship with Jacques-Louis David from Paris and knew the new self-confidence of women after the French Revolution . In her right hand, Heinrike holds a small bouquet of bluebells, a rose, clover and yellow buttercups. These flowers correspond with the wild herbs at the foot of the antique-looking architectural fragment and are intended to symbolize the casual naturalness of women. This unconventional attitude, which she takes for this picture, is reminiscent of the work of her husband, friend and former teacher Schicks, who as a sculptor represented natural poses and a three-dimensional classic form in his works. The arm resting on the knee and the crossed legs can be traced beyond Dannecker but also to antique sculptures and grave reliefs. For the artists of classicism, ancient models of this type were the yardstick for their work. This portrait shows the whole figure, which was rare at the time. Heinrike's head turned towards the viewer has something energetic about it. Together with the sharply drawn contour of the outline, it has something of a relief itself.
The artist did not find it easy with the picture; an unfinished first version that he rejected, still with the lines of the squares to transfer the preliminary drawing onto the canvas, is in the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart . He wrote to Johann Heinrich Dannecker:
“I remember struggling with the hand that held the flowers and how I cut crooked faces in my joy that made your wife and myself laugh when I succeeded in painting [...]. How happy I was when I painted her portrait. "
Heinrike Rapp was the daughter of a wealthy cloth merchant from Stuttgart and the younger sister of Gottlob Heinrich von Rapp . At the age of 17 she married the 30-year-old sculptor Johann Heinrich Dannecker, whom she had known since childhood, and brought a lot of money into the marriage. Gottlieb Schick was probably inspired for this picture by the work of his teacher Jacques-Louis David. Schick must have known his portraits Portrait de Madame Emilie Sériziat et son Fils and Pierre Sériziat from 1795, both of which are now in the Louvre in Paris . Madame holds a bouquet of meadow flowers in her right hand, Pierre, in riding clothes, sits casually cross-legged on a stone. Contrary to the serious demands of his other art, David has produced a slight serenity here that Gottlieb Schick could well have inspired for his portrait of Heinrike Dannecker.
With this picture Gottlieb Schick achieved recognition as a portrait painter. In the opinion of Birgit Verwiebe, curator at the Alte Nationalgalerie, “Schick grasped individuality in a lively manner and elevated it to universality. His striving to allow the classical norm to become an ideal in life reaches a convincing climax in this portrait. ”Concerning the version in the Stuttgart State Gallery, the curator Neela Struck writes:“ She stands out boldly from the thousands of women […] who produced art around 1800. No abandoned Penelope , no Iphigenia , no reflection figure, no wanderlust or melancholia, but self-confident, alert affection. "
Exhibitions (selection)
- March to April 1926: Century Show of German Painting. 87th Exhibition of the Vienna Secession .
- October 4 to November 2, 1930: Tysk Konst under två Sekler. Liljevalchs Konsthall , Stockholm.
- March 31 to April 1947: German painting of the nineteenth century. in the Wiesbaden Museum.
- June 17 to July 29, 1956: Masterpieces of German and Austrian painting. 1800-1900. Kunsthalle, Kiel.
- August 26 to November 14, 1976: Gottlieb Schick, a painter of classicism. State Gallery, Stuttgart.
- July 5 to November 28, 1980: Images of Man in Western Art (anniversary exhibition of the Prussian Museums Berlin 1830–1980) Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin (West).
- October 17, 2004 to January 30, 2005: A German Dream. Masterpieces of Romanticism from the Nationalgalerie Berlin. National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin.
- April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012: The Art of Enlightenment. Chinese National Museum, Beijing.
literature
- Peter Krieger: Frauenbilder um 1800: Notes on three works in the Nationalgalerie . In: Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin Preussischer Kulturbesitz (Hrsg.): Yearbook of the Berlin museums . New episode 31, 1989, ISSN 0075-2207 , p. 289-299 , JSTOR : 4125862 .
- Lily-Maya Schürmann: The portrait of Heinrike Dannecker by Christian Gottlieb Schick . Zurich 1995, OCLC 637840623 (dissertation).
Web links
- Portrait of Heinrike Dannecker smb.museum-digital.de
- Schick, Christian Gottlieb: Portrait of Heinrike Dannecker zeno.org or staatsgalerie.de (88 × 67 cm, oil on canvas, 1802 Staatsgalerie Stuttgart)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Krieger in: Staatliche Museen Preußischer Kulturbesitz (ed.): Art of the world in the Berlin museums. Staatliche Museen Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Stuttgart / Zurich 1980, ISBN 3-7630-2007-1 , p. 14.
- ^ A. Haakh: Contributions from Württemberg to modern German art history. Stuttgart 1863, p. 252 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de ).
- ↑ Peter Krieger: Frauenbilder um 1800. Notes on three works in the National Gallery. In: Yearbook of the Berlin museums. Volume 31, 1989, pp. 290 ff.
- ↑ Portrait of the Heinrike Dannecker database of the Berlin stately museums, with a detailed description of the image.
- ^ Internet site of the Stuttgart State Gallery with the statement by Neela Struck