Bocydium
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Bocydium | ||||||||||||
| Latreille , 1829 |
Bocydium is a genus of the humpback cicadas or humpback chirps ( Membracidae ), a family of round-headed cicadas (Cicadomorpha) from the superfamily of the Membracoidea , which are distinguished by their particularly unusual shape. A previously common synonym is Sphaeronotus .
morphology
The humpback chirps of the genus Bocydium are relatively small (6.4-7.5 mm), dark and with conspicuous extensions of the pronotum , which are directed upwards and are characterized by spherical thickenings and extensions. The forewings are relatively long and transparent with clear veins. Species of the closely related genera Stylocentrus and Umbelligerus have a similar habit .
There has been much speculation about the distinctive pronotum, but the real function is still unclear. It has been interpreted as an imitation of seeds or small prickly fruits, or it has been suggested that the pronotum imitates the fruiting bodies of entomophagous fungi.
Way of life
Little is known about the way of life of the species of Bocydium. The larvae are exceptionally well camouflaged on their host plants due to their coloring and their upper structure. They are mostly found on the leaf axils of their host plants, while the adult animals are more likely to be found on the tips of the branches and leaves.
The adult cicada were observed mostly individually, only in exceptional cases was from a collection of 350 Bocydium reported -Zirpen. B. mae has been observed on the underside of leaves in groups of up to ten individuals, B. sanmiguelense in groups of up to 15 individuals. By B. mae addition of a couple described at a lower leaf surface courtship. B. globulare is most commonly found a few feet above the ground where it sucks on the underside of leaves on the plant. Bocydium chirps do not seem to be in symbiosis with ants, but they sometimes occur on plants on which other humpback leafhoppers are associated with ants.
The chirps mostly suckle on plants of the Melastomataceae family , but have also been observed on other plants. The chirps occur in various Neotropical forests, in Andean cloud forests, but also in Amazonian and Atlantic lowland rainforests.
Types and distribution
B. anisobullatum , Brazil
B. amischoglobum , Brazil
B. astilatum , Colombia
B. bilobum , Bolivia, Ecuador
B. bulliferum , Ecuador, Peru
B. duoglobum , Colombia
B. germarii , Brazil, Peru
B. globulare , Brazil, Suriname, French Guiana, Rep. Guiana, Peru (but not in Costa Rica)
B. globuliferum , Brazil, Colombia, Suriname
B. hadronotum , Brazil
B. mae , Costa Rica
B. nigrofasciatum , Colombia
B. racemiferum , Brazil
B. rufiglobum , Brazil
B. sakakibarai , Colombia
B. sanmiguelense , Colombia
B. sphaerulatum , Brazil
B. sexvescicatum , Brazil
B. tatamaense , Colombia
B. tintinnabuliferum , Brazil, Peru
literature
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n C. Flórez-V & O. Evangelista: New species in the treehopper genus Bocydium Latreille, with description of nymphal stages and observations on their natural history . In: Zootaxa . tape 4281 , no. 1 , 2017, p. 22-57 .
- ↑ Kelly Swing: Observaciones preliminares sobre la historia natural de membrácidos representativos (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadomorpha: Membracidae and Aetalionidae) en la Reserva de Biosfera del Yasuní, incluyendo los primeros informes de 13 géneros de Ecuador yell provincia . In: ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías . tape 4 , no. 2 , December 28, 2012, ISSN 2528-7788 ( edu.ec [accessed October 30, 2018]).
- ↑ Jason R. Cryan & Lewis L. Deitz: Review of the new world treehopper tribe Stegaspidini (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Stegaspidinae): I Bocydium Latreille, Lirania Stål, and Smerdalea Fowler . In: Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. tape 101 , 1999, pp. 469-489 .
- ↑ a b c d e SakakibaraA. M .: As ecpécies brasileiras do genero Bocydium Latreille (Homoptera, Membracidae) . In: Revista Brasileira de Entomologia . tape 41 , 1981, pp. 815-828 .
- ↑ a b L. Richer: Membracvidae Columbianae . In: Caldasia . tape 6 , 1954, pp. 269-387 .
- ↑ Cryan, Deitz, LL: Review of the new world treehopper tribe Stegaspidini (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Stegaspidinae): III: Flexocentrus goding, Stylocentrus Stål, and Umbelligerus Deitz . In: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. tape 102 , 2000, ISSN 0013-8797 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed October 30, 2018]).
- ↑ a b c d e McKamey, Stuart H .: Taxonomic catalog of the Membracoidea (exclusive of leafhoppers): second supplement to fascicle 1, Membracidae, of the General catalog of the Hemiptera . American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, FL 1998, ISBN 1-887988-04-1 .
