Kabupaten Boyolali
Boyolali is a government district ( kabupaten ) in Central Java ( Jawa Tengah ) in Indonesia .
This report includes a description of the city ( kota ), countryside ( wilayah ) and district ( kabupaten ) Boyolali.
The small town of Boyolali is the capital of the kabupaten of the same name and is located in the province of Central Java ( Jawa Tengah ). About 25 km west of the city of Surakarta (also called Solo), the city and landscape are part of its catchment area, called: Solo Raya (Groß Solo) or SUBOSUKAWONOSRATEN which is an anagram of the names of the six connected districts (Boyolali, Karangganyar , Klaten , Sragen , Sukoharjo , Wonogiri ) and the city of Solo is. Historically, the Solo Raya area includes almost all lands that were ruled by the two courts of Surakarta until Indonesia's independence in 1945, the Kasunahan royal court and the Mangkunegaren royal court .
Geography and topography
The urban district ( kecamatan ) has around 60,000 inhabitants and is located at the foot of the two volcanoes Merapi (2911 meters) and Merbabu (3141 meters) at almost 400 m. ü. Thanks to this location, the place has a significantly cooler climate than the neighboring city of Solo, which is located in a valley basin.
The district of the same name has 949,583 inhabitants (2008) and covers 1,075 km². With a population density of over 900 inhabitants per square meter, Boyolali is heavily populated, which is not uncommon on Java, even for rural regions.
Nevertheless, there are strong differences in the population density between the individual sub-areas of the kabupaten . In addition to the connection to infrastructure and the availability of work outside of the agricultural sector, the topography and availability of water for field management are also factors which roughly divide the kabupaten into three regions.
- Western mountain country
Includes about five kecamaten traffic lights, Cepogo, Mojosongo, Musuk and Selo as well as the main town Boyolali itself. This sub-area is characterized by a mild climate and primarily crops such as cabbage, carrots, onions but also tobacco, tea and cloves are grown. This region is also the center of the dairy industry in kabupaten. Due to the good volcanic soil (farmers and cattle farmers) and the proximity to the administrative center of the district (officials, teachers and traders), this sub-area has a very high population density, which is not concentrated in one center, but spread over a wide area (like an apparently never ending village). At both volcanoes the cultivation limit goes up to about 1,600-1,800 m. ü. M. high and ends only at the border to the protected state forest.
- Eastern lowlands
The region between the main town to the east towards Solo is largely flat and characterized by rice fields. Most of the natural springs and the main rivers of the kabupaten can be found here. This area includes the kecamaten Teras, Banyudono, Sawit and Ngemplak. Due to the connection to the economic center Solo and the main road Semarang-Solo leading through this part of the kabupaten, most of the industry of the kabupaten has settled in this region . In addition, the airport of the city of Solo and the Wisma Haji (a collection and preparation center for Mecca pilgrims ( haji ) who have to fly via Solo if they come from Java) are located in this area . Large settlements have now emerged around the Wisma Haji.
- Northern part
The largest part of the district in terms of area includes the northern kecamatan Sambi, Nogosari, Simo, Andong, Karang Gede, Kemusu, Wonosegoro and Juwangi. This part of the kabupaten is less densely populated and is geographically-geologically as well as infrastructurally disadvantaged. Comparatively dry and crossed by a few rivers, most parts of this area are neither suitable for wet rice nor for extensive crops. There are also no major roads through this part of the Kabupaten , which means that there are hardly any large industrial settlements here. The most important resource is the cultivation of teak kayu jati . After the lush forests of this wood were almost completely cut down in the 1980s, large-scale plantings can be found there again. Also in the north of this part of the kabupaten is the Kedung Ombo reservoir , which covers 3,536 hectares and is used to a modest extent for tourism and fishing.
transport
The city is located on the important Semarang - Surakarta provincial road , which brings a lot of through traffic into the city, but which is diverted around the city center by an extensive bypass. Furthermore, the international airport of the city of Surakarta Bandara Internasional Adi Sumarmo is in the area of the district. The mountain road Selo Pass leads through a mountain valley which separates the volcanic mountains Merapi and Merbabu from the neighboring district Magelang .
history
Boyolali was part of an area that the Dutch called the Vorstenlanden . It comprised the areas of the Mataram Empire , which fell apart in 1752 and was later divided between the royal and princely houses of Surakarta and Yogyakarta . The area of Boyolalis remained largely under the rule of the royal house of Surakarta Kasunahan .
The official birthday of the kabupaten , determined by the district government, is June 5, 1847. On this date, the village of Boyolali became the seat of an administrative unit called kabupaten gunung (approx. Mountain district). At that time the area comprised only a fraction of today's kabupaten , for example the small town of Ampel , which lies between Boyolali and Salatiga , was also an independent kabupaten gunung. Only after an administrative reform in 1893 were both merged.
At the beginning of the 20th century, some further territorial reforms also added some parts of the Kasunahan area to the north of Boyolali. Since around the 1930s Boyolali it has the current extent.
For the existence of the village of Boyolali itself there are sources from the 18th century that testify to a settlement called Boujolalu in which the Dutch East India Company (VOC) had a small fortress with a crew of around 20 men. There was also a VOC fortress in the village of Ampel.
A Württemberg officer who was in the service of the VOC describes and mentions the landscape and the fortresses as follows during a trip from Semerang to Solo in 1790:
“… The area from Salatiga to Boujolalu, where the company also has a post (the former fortress in Ampel), gives little to the previous ones. On one side of the path there is a beautiful plain with rice, potatoes, turkish grains, miracle trees, etc .; on the other there are also fields, but they are crowned by mountains that are adorned with the most beautiful forests ...
... at 9 o'clock we arrived at the commandant of Fort Boujolalu; this man, a good honest Dutchman, has held this post here for 32 years and has a lot of knowledge of the local way of life, etc. ... "
As in most areas of Java, plantation economy was introduced in Boyolali in the 19th century and the Soloshe Tramway was built between 1908 and 1911, a railway connection between Surakarta and Boyolali, which has not been in operation since the 1980s.
economy
According to the district's yearbook for 2008, almost 320,000 people in the district made their living from agriculture and livestock farming, while just over 40,000 people work in manufacturing and just under 122,000 people in trade, services and transport.
The city and landscape of Boyolali is particularly well known for two agricultural goods in Indonesia.
As a legacy from the Dutch colonial era, the district has retained dairy farming and the nickname: Kota Susu ( Milk City). At the beginning of the 20th century, Dutch businessmen started to settle black and colored dairy cattle from the Netherlands in the mountain area between Boyolali and Salatiga for milk production. After Indonesia's independence, this branch of industry lost its importance due to the departure of the Dutch, but was later revived in the 1980s and has remained in the region to this day. Even today, the black and colored Fleckvieh is the symbol of the district and you can find statues of cows of this breed all over the landscape.
Tobacco from Boyolali, especially from the very suitable slopes of the Merbabu volcano, is of high quality and is used by many national and international tobacco companies (e.g. Drum and Samson) for the production of their products.
In addition to agriculture, which is still the dominant economic sector in the district, there are also larger factory settlements, especially in the border area to the city of Surakarta. The textile and furniture industry, which is strongly represented in the Solo region, prefers not to settle directly in the urban area of Solo due to the lower minimum wages for industrial workers, the cheap building land and lower taxes, but prefers locations in the neighboring districts of Boyolali, Karanganyar, Klaten, Sragen , Sukoharjo, and Wonogiri.
Attractions
The main town Boyolali itself has only a few sights and can be described as quiet. But thanks to the good climate and the clean and tidy city center, the city is very livable and a preferred residence for local middle-class retirees. In addition to some preserved colonial buildings, the beautiful building of the Catholic Church from the 1940s is striking. Although there are only 7,000 Catholics in the entire district (Catholics and Protestants make up just 2% of the entire population of the district), the Catholic Main church, one of the most striking buildings in the city center, which is also visible from afar.
Outside the city are the following attractions:
Selo
The town of Selo, in the sub-district of the same name, kecamatan, is located in a valley between the two volcanoes Merapi and Merbabu and is a very suitable starting point for climbing both volcanoes. Located in the landscape at almost 1,600 meters above sea level, this place can be reached via the two pass roads Selo Pass from Boyolali and via the Ketep Pass from Magelang.
Pengging
The village of Pengging is a popular seaside resort in the kecamatan Banyudono sub-district and is halfway between Boyolali City and Surakarta. In addition to profane bathers, this place is also visited by pilgrims who are followers of the Javanese Kejawan faith. Water meditation rituals and ceremonies take place in different places and water points at different times. Like the sanggaran or the kungkun ritual. This place houses several bathing pools, buildings, tombs and a mosque which were built by the royal house of Surakarta and some of which are over 100 years old.
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- Kabupaten Boyolali dalam Angka Tahun 2008 (Statistical Yearbook of the Boyolali District)
- Sejarah dan Hari Jadi Kabupaten Boyolali (The story and birthday of the Boyolali district)
- From Goethe to Emil Nolde; Indonesia in the German intellectual world; Jakarta 2000
- Brosur Pesona Wisata Boyolali (Tourist brochure of the Boyolali district) 2009
Coordinates: 7 ° 32 ' S , 110 ° 36' E