Fire damper

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The fire damper is a component for installation in ventilation ducts within walls and ceilings or away from walls (with fire protection cladding). It is an automatic shut-off device to prevent the transmission of fire and smoke through the ventilation duct of a ventilation system that is connected to the flap on both sides .

use

A fire damper is a safety component. Fire dampers are installed between fire compartments in walls and ceilings for reasons of fire protection . In normal operation, the fire damper is open to allow air to pass through. It closes automatically in the event of a fire, thus preventing the spread of fire and smoke. Fire dampers are classified on the basis of fire protection tests (EN 1366-2) carried out in accordance with EN 13501-3. In Germany, approval by the German Institute for Building Technology (DIBt) was required by July 31, 2015 . From August 1, 2015, CE certification will be sufficient in accordance with EU requirements. In the federal states, use is regulated by the introduction of the model ventilation system directive (M-LüAR) under building law.

Designs

Fire dampers are available in round and square designs. Round fire dampers are offered by the manufacturers in standardized dimensions. Angular fire dampers can be obtained in any dimensions within the scope of the respective approval. The overall lengths available, however, are fixed in each case.

function

Fire dampers can be operated in different ways:

  • The classic fire damper closes spring-operated via a fusible link (triggered at approx. 72 ° C).
  • Motor-operated fire dampers and dampers with holding or pulse magnets and pneumatically operated dampers are also available.

As a rule, a switch is attached to the fire damper to provide feedback when it is triggered. Servomotors usually have two switching contacts with which the opening and closing can be monitored. The feedback provides information about which fire damper has triggered and, depending on the concept, also switches off the ventilation system.

With so-called smoke extraction flaps, the opening and closing movement are started by a damper actuator depending on the smoke extraction concept.

Supplementary security measures

  • To prevent the transmission of cold smoke, triggering via the fusible link (72 ° C) is not sufficient. Preferably, additional smoke detectors of the motorized fire damper should be connected to trigger them.
  • When installing the flaps, it must be ensured that inspections and maintenance from the outside and inside are possible. This is usually done through inspection hatches in the fire damper.
  • Fire dampers must be checked at regular intervals by a qualified person .
  • Motor-operated fire dampers must always be designed in such a way that they are "normally closed". This measure ensures that the fire damper closes if the power supply to the damper is interrupted (due to the fire).

photos

  • Fire dampers

  • Square, motorized fire damper

  • Round, motorized fire damper

  • Fire damper for pipe installation

  • Inner workings of a fire damper for pipe installation. This flap is triggered by a fusible link.

  • Inner workings of a fire damper for pipe installation. This flap is opened and closed by a motor.

  • Fire damper for pipe installation with a servomotor.

  • Various fusible links for triggering motorless fire dampers

  • Fire damper for duct installation

  • Servomotor of a motorized fire damper

  • Inner workings of a fire damper for duct installation

  • Fire damper with rotatable fire protection plate which closes the outflow opening when triggered

literature

  • Ernst-Rudolf Schramek, Hermann Recknagel (Hrsg.): Pocket book for heating + air conditioning 07/08. 73rd edition, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-8356-3122-9 .

Web links

Wiktionary: fire damper  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Fire dampers  - collection of images, videos and audio files