Buk (drum)
| Korean spelling | |
|---|---|
| Korean alphabet : | 북 |
| Revised Romanization : | Buk |
| McCune-Reischauer : | Puk |
Buk ( Korean : 북 ), also puk or taebuk ("big buk"), is on the one hand the general Korean name for drum ( ko ), of which there are traditionally at least 15 different versions and on the other hand a flat two-skinned barrel drum that leads to Performances such as pansori ( 판소리 ), an epic song, pungmulnori ( 풍물 놀이 ), dance and song with four percussion instruments, and samulnori ( 사물 놀이 ), drums with four instruments, are used. Depending on the use, two types of drums are called buk , the sori-buk and the pungmul-buk .
Sori-Buk
In pansori music the sori-buk ( 소리북 ), which is sometimes also called pansori-buk or just buk , plays an indispensable role. It is also the only musical instrument that accompanies a pansori performance.
Design
The body of the sori-buk consists of a piece of a hollowed-out tree trunk. The drum has a diameter of about 40 cm and a height of 20 cm. It is covered with cowhide on both sides . The skin is attached to the body with around 60–70 nails, which makes re-tensioning impossible. In other versions, the two eardrums are braced together by means of a strip of skin over the outer surface of the body in a zigzag process. A drum includes a 30-35 cm long and about 2.5 cm thick mallet (drumstick).
Style of play
The sori-buk is played right-handed with the mallet, by aiming at the middle of the skin and thus producing a dull percussion sound, or by striking the edge of the drum to produce a hard and firm sound. The left hand is above the drum with the thumb on the body and holding the drum. In contrast, the left fingers are used on the one hand to dampen the sound or to generate a sound by hitting the fingers. The buk in pansori is played in a sitting position. The drum is in front of the crossed legs and is held in position by them.
Pungmul-Buk
The pungmul-buk ( 풍물 북 ) is used in performances such as Pungmul or Samulnori . It is used both indoors and outdoors at performances, and it is used at festivals by farmers and music groups.
Design
The body of the pungmul-buk consists of several interlocking wooden segments. The drum has a diameter of up to 50 cm and a height of 25 cm. It is covered with cowhide on both sides. The skin is tied together by means of a rope over the outer surface of the body in a zigzag process. Between the tensioned rope and the body there are individual wooden segments distributed around the drum circumference, which also keep the drum in shape. A drum comes with a mallet 30-35 cm long and about 2.5 cm thick.
Style of play
The pungmul-baked recorded you like sori-baked to produce right-handed with the mallets by one hand is aimed at the center of the head and therefore produces a dull percussive or striking the edge of the drum by a hard and strong ringing sound. The drum is carried in front of the left thigh over a white, narrow, long cloth that is attached to the drum at both ends and runs over the left shoulder. The left hand holds the drum by a handle formed from the rope of the drum.
Jindo-Buk
The jindo-buk ( 진도 북 ) is used in performances such as the Jindobukchum ( 진도 북춤 ) (Jindo drum dance). It is played both indoors and outdoors by music groups during performances.
Design
The body of the jindo-buk consists of individual wooden segments joined together. The drum has a diameter of 36 to 38 cm and a height of about 23 cm. The cowhide is tied to one another by means of a skin band over the outer surface of the body in a zigzag process. A drum includes two mallets 30-35 cm long and about 2.5 cm thick.
Style of play
The jindo-buk is played with the Jindo drum dance. A narrow white cloth is attached to the drum as a ribbon with both ends and placed over the left shoulder so that the drum hangs in a slightly inclined vertical position in front of the stomach. During the dance, the drum is played with both mallets alternately according to the drum rhythm and the choreography.
More Korean drums
In addition to the two drum instruments described above, the following traditional drums are among the best known:
- Janggu ( 장구 ) - a double-headed drum with an hourglass-shaped body,
- Jeolgo ( 절고 ) - a double-skinned large barrel drum lying on a stand,
- Jingo ( 진고 ) - a double-skinned barrel drum lying on a stand,
- Jwago ( 좌고 ) - a two- ply large barrel drum hanging in a frame,
- Nodo ( 노도 ) - two double-skinned elongated small barrel drums attached to a post. This type of drum was only played to court ritual music,
- Nogo ( 노고 ) - two double-celled elongated barrel drums hanging in a frame,
- Sogo ( 소고 ) - small hand drum.
literature
- Yong-shik Lee : Pansori . In: Chul-ho Kim, National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts (Ed.): Korean Musicology . Series 2 . Seoul 2008, ISBN 978-89-85952-10-1 (English).
- Byong-Won Lee, Yong-Shik Lee : Music of Korea . In: National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts (Ed.): Korean Musicology . Series 1 . Seoul 2007, Folk Music: Instrumental (English).
- Keith Howard : Korean Musical Instruments . Oxford University Press , Oxford 1995, ISBN 0-19-586177-9 (English).
- Wha-Byong Lee: Studies on Pansori Music in Korea . In: Europäische Hochschulschriften - XXXVI series - Musicology . tape 61 . Peter Lang, Frankfurt 1991, ISBN 3-631-43711-0 .
Web links
- 진도 북춤 2 Jindo BukChum2 . (Video)YouTube,accessed on January 9, 2013(English, a) Jindo drum dance outside and b) with 4 dancers on stage, video 4:46 min).
Individual evidence
- ^ Andre Eckardt: Music - Song - Dance in Korea . H. Bouvier & Co., Bonn 1968, p. 46 .
- ^ A b Wha-Byong Lee: Studies on Pansori Music in Korea . 1991, p. 69 .
- ^ Byong-Won Lee, Yong-Shik Lee : Music of Korea . 2007, p. 93 (English).
- ^ Byong-Won Lee, Yong-Shik Lee : Music of Korea . 2007, p. 100 (English).
- ↑ a b Yong-shik Lee : Pansori . 2008, p. 32 (English).
- ^ Korean Musical Instruments . (PDF 41.5 MB) National Gugak Center , accessed on January 7, 2013 .