Byggnadsminne
Byggnadsminne ( Swedish for monument ) is the Swedish name for buildings, ensembles and facilities of historical value that are protected in accordance with the provisions of the Kulturminneslag (Cultural Monument Act). The classification as byggnadsminne offers the strongest protection for cultural and historical buildings in Sweden.
Structures protected as byggnadsminne have a large span in time and space. They can include anything from a medieval castle to a 1950s movie theater. In addition, not only buildings can be classified as byggnadsminne , but also parks, gardens and other facilities with cultural and historical importance. Over 2400 buildings, facilities and ensembles are protected as byggnadsminne (as of 2017). The monuments are all listed in the riksantikvarieämbetets bebyggelseregister .
history
State protection of culturally and historically valuable buildings can be traced back to 1666 and to the Placat och Påbudh om Gamle Monumenter och Antiquiteter i Rijket ( German : poster and decree on old monuments and antiques in the empire ). The modern legal basis took place in 1942 with the lag om skydd för kulturhistoriskt märkliga byggnader and in 1960 with the lag om byggnadsminnen .
The task of monument protection was and is to preserve historical traces that are important for understanding today's and future society and ensure that people have access to the cultural heritage. Architectural monuments tell of historical events and how society has changed over time. The monuments also preserve the memory of specific events and the personal stories of people.
There are two types of architectural monuments today, private architectural monuments and public architectural monuments. A state monument was called "byggnadsminnesmärke" before 1989 . Church buildings are protected separately as kyrkligt kulturminne ( church cultural monument ).
Importance of classification
The classification as byggnadsminne requires that the building be preserved for all time. The structure may not be changed, rebuilt or removed. In order to obtain the classification, individual protective provisions and regulations must be issued for each building monument.
Private architectural monuments
The provincial administrations can based on the culture minne were to tell monument, which are particularly important because of their cultural and historical value or part of a particularly significant building or structure such structures. This can be residential buildings as well as industrial plants, parks or bridges.
Anyone or the provincial administrations themselves can propose that they should be protected as a monument. The provincial administrations have the supervision of the monument and decide applications for permission to carry out measures deviating from the protective regulations. Owners of architectural monuments have the opportunity to apply for a contribution to the costs of measures such as restorations.
Public monuments
The Swedish government decides whether a state building or a state facility should become a monument. The Riksantikvarieämbetet ( Reichsantiquaramt ) suggests such buildings and takes over the supervision of the architectural monuments. Public monuments remind of important periods of the history of Sweden and the state administration.
There are around 260 public monuments (as of 2017). These include government and courthouse buildings, defenses, bridges , Stockholm Castle and lighthouses .
