Pill beetle

Pill beetle
	Common pill beetle ( Byrrhus pilula )
Systematics
Class :	Insects (Insecta)
Order :	Beetle (Coleoptera)
Subordination :	Polyphaga
Partial order :	Elateriformia
Superfamily :	Byrrhoidea
Family :	Pill beetle
Scientific name
	Byrrhidae
	Latreille , 1804

The pill beetles , scientific name Byrrhidae , are a family of beetles . The family includes around 300 species, mainly in the temperate zones of the two hemispheres. The family is represented in Central Europe with 35 species from 11 genera.

features

The pill beetles are oval or round and have a strongly arched stature. Most of the body's extremities can be applied tightly. The antennae are eleven-limbed and are wider towards the end and rarely culled. The head shield is usually seamlessly fused with the forehead. The feet are five, rarely four-limbed. The front hips are separated from each other, with the mesosternal keel in between. The episterns of the rear chest taper towards the back. The size of the beetles ranges from 1.2 mm ( Syncaypta spinosa ) to 14 mm ( Byrrhus gigas ).

The dung beetle species Onthophagus verticicornis is also known in German as the nodding pill beetle , but belongs to the scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae).

Way of life

The larvae mostly feed on moss rhizoids in the soil . The adult beetles also feed on moss.

Systematics

Subfamilies and tribe of pill beetles:

Amphicyrtinae LeConte , 1861
Byrrhinae Latreille , 1804
- Exomellini Casey , 1914
- Morychini El Moursy , 1961
- Pedilophorini Casey , 1912
- Simplocariini Mulsant & Rey , 1869
Syncalyptinae Mulsant & Rey , 1869
- Microchaetini Paulus , 1973
- Syncalyptini Mulsant & Rey , 1869

Species in Europe

The following 114 species occur in Europe:

Arctobyrrhus dovrensis Munster , 1902
Byrrhus (Byrrhus) arietinus Steffahny , 1842
Byrrhus (Byrrhus) fasciatus ( Forster , 1771)
Byrrhus (Byrrhus) geminatus LeConte , 1854
Byrrhus (Byrrhus) numidicus Normand , 1935
Byrrhus (Byrrhus) pilula - Common pill beetle ( Linnaeus , 1758)
Byrrhus (Byrrhus) pustulatus ( Forster , 1771})
Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) derrei Allemand , 1987
Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) focarilei Fabbri & Puetz , 1997
Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) glabratus Heer , 1841
Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) luniger Germar , 1817
Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) nigrosparsus Chevrolat , 1866
Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) picipes Duftschmid , 1825
Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) pilosellus Villa & Villa , 1833
Byrrhus (Seminolus) alpinus Gory , 1829
Byrrhus (Seminolus) auromicans Kiesenwetter , 1851
Byrrhus (Seminolus) espanoli ( Fiori , 1960)
Byrrhus (Seminolus) gigas Fabricius , 1787
Byrrhus (Seminolus) lisellae ( Fiori , 1953)
Byrrhus (Seminolus) nicolasi ( Fiori , 1966)
Byrrhus (Seminolus) occidentalis ( Fiori , 1953)
Byrrhus (Seminolus) pyrenaeus Dufour , 1834
Byrrhus (Seminolus) signatus Sturm , 1823
Byrrhus stoicus ( Muller , 1776)
Carpathobyrrhulus tatricus Mroczkowski , 1957
Carpathobyrrhulus transsylvanicus ( Suffrian , 1848)
Chaetophora minuta ( Reitter , 1884)
Chaetophora spinosa ( Rossi , 1794)
Chrysobyrrhulus asturiensis Allemand , 1997
Chrysobyrrhulus metallicus ( Chevrolat , 1865)
Chrysobyrrhulus moltonii Fiori , 1964
Chrysobyrrhulus triangularis Allemand , 1997
Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) brancomontis Puetz , 2002
Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) canariensis ( Franz , 1967)
Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) capitata ( Wollaston , 1854)
Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) granulosa ( Wollaston , 1865)
Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) horrida ( Wollaston , 1854)
Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) integra ( Wollaston , 1864)
Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) maderiensis Puetz , 2002
Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) ovuliformis ( Wollaston , 1854)
Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) senicis Puetz , 2002
Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) tenerifensis ( Palm , 1976)
Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) wollastoni Puetz , 2002
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) andalusiaca ( Franz , 1967)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) austriaca ( Franz , 1967)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) carniolica ( Ganglbauer , 1902)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) cyclolepidia ( Munster , 1902)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) franzi Paulus , 1973
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) ganglbaueri ( Plavilshikov , 1924)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) incisa ( Obenberger , 1917)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) italica ( Franz , 1967)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) jordai ( Reitter , 1910)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) maritima ( Marsham , 1802)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) monticola ( Franz , 1967)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) moosilauke Johnson , 1986
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) nigrita ( Palm , 1934)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) paleata ( Erichson , 1846)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) palmi ( Franz , 1967)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) provencalis ( Franz , 1967)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) setigera ( Illiger , 1798)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) setosa ( Waltl , 1838)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) syriaca ( Baudi , 1870)
Curimopsis (Curimopsis) vicentina Paulus , 1973
Curimus abbreviatus Sahlberg , 1903
Curimus brenskei Reitter , 1884
Curimus decorus ( Steffahny , 1842)
Curimus erichsoni Reitter , 1881
Curimus erinaceus ( Duftschmid , 1825)
Curimus insignis ( Steffahny , 1842)
Curimus interstitialis Reitter , 1881
Curimus lariensis ( Villa & Villa , 1833)
Curimus maglicensis Obenberger , 1917
Curimus montenegrinus Reitter , 1881
Curimus petraeus Gredler , 1863
Curimus rudis Fairmaire , 1876
Curimus terminatus Reitter , 1884
Cytilus auricomus ( Duftschmid , 1825)
Cytilus sericeus ( Forster , 1771)
Lamprobyrrhulus nitidus ( Schaller , 1783)
Lasiomorychus apfelbecki ( Reitter , 1889)
Morychus aeneus ( Fabricius , 1775)
Pedilophorus auratus ( Duftschmid , 1825)
Pedilophorus colonnellii Fabbri , 1999
Pedilophorus macedonicus ( Schubert , 1969)
Pedilophorus monicae Fabbri , 1999
Pedilophorus moraveci Fabbri & Allemand , 2002
Pedilophorus shqiperianus Fabbri & Allemand , 2002
Pedilophorus szeli Fabbri & Allemand , 2002
Pedilophorus zelenosivus Fabbri & Allemand , 2002
Pedilophorus zierisi Fabbri & Allemand , 2002
Porcinolus murinus ( Fabricius , 1794)
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) acuminata Erichson , 1847
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) arctica Poppius , 1904
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) brevistriata Reitter , 1900
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) deubeli Ganglbauer , 1899
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) elongata Sahlberg , 1903
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) frigida Krogerus , 1921
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) jugicola Baudi , 1889
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) macularis Reitter , 1896
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) maculosa Erichson , 1847
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) metallica ( Sturm , 1807)
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) nivalis Ganglbauer , 1904
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) palmeni Poppius , 1904
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) semistriata ( Fabricius , 1794)
Simplocaria (Simplocaria) striata Brisout , 1866
Simplocaria (Trinaria) carpathica Hampe , 1853
Simplocaria (Trinaria) montenegrina Obenberger , 1917
Trichobyrrhulus arragonicus Reitter , 1911
Trichobyrrhulus fabbrii Allemand , 1998
Trichobyrrhulus piochardi ( Heyden , 1870)
Trichobyrrhulus puetzi Allemand , 1998
Trichobyrrhulus stierlini ( Des Gozis , 1882)
Trichobyrrhulus variolosus ( Perris , 1864)
Trichobyrrhulus zercheorum Puetz , 2002

Web links

Commons : Pill Beetles (Byrrhidae) - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

^ K. Hurka: Beetles of the Czech and Slovak Republics. Kabourek, Zlin 2005, ISBN 80-86447-11-1 , p. 109.
^ ^A ^b Karl Wilhelm Harde, Frantisek Severa, Edwin Möhn: Der Kosmos Käferführer: The Central European Beetles. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06959-1 , p. 202.
↑ ^a ^b Jiří Zahradník, Irmgard Jung, Dieter Jung and others: Beetles of Central and Northwestern Europe. Parey, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-490-27118-1 , pp. 157ff.
↑ Byrrhidae. Fauna Europaea, accessed March 27, 2017 .

[hurka-1] K. Hurka: Beetles of the Czech and Slovak Republics. Kabourek, Zlin 2005, ISBN 80-86447-11-1 , p. 109.

[harde-2] A ^b Karl Wilhelm Harde, Frantisek Severa, Edwin Möhn: Der Kosmos Käferführer: The Central European Beetles. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06959-1 , p. 202.

[zahradnik-3] Jiří Zahradník, Irmgard Jung, Dieter Jung and others: Beetles of Central and Northwestern Europe. Parey, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-490-27118-1 , pp. 157ff.

[faunaeur-4] Byrrhidae. Fauna Europaea, accessed March 27, 2017 .