C-22 (photography)
C-22 is a standardized process in chemical photography for developing color on negative films .
history
Process C-22 was designed by Kodak in the 1950s for the color film Kodacolor and was later used by other film manufacturers. In 1972/1973 it was replaced by the further developed C-41 process at Kodak . In contrast to the latter, film development at the time of the C-22 was far less standardized: On the one hand, different film variants - even within the Kodak family - required different development times. On the other hand, C-22 was not the only process for color negative development on the market; for example , Agfa was using different versions of the Agfacolor process at the time . Today (2013) the development in C-22 is only offered by very few specialized laboratories worldwide.
processing
The film material is developed at temperatures around 24 ° Celsius. This means that the process is not compatible with the C-41 offered today - the emulsion layer of a C-22 film would melt at the 38 ° Celsius used there. The work steps are:
- Develop
- To stop
- Hardening
- Water
- bleaching
- Water
- Fix
- Water
- Clarify
- dry
Steps 1 to 3 are to be carried out in complete darkness to avoid subsequent exposure of the film.
Web links
- Photomemorabilia - Early Kodak Color - detailed history of Kodak color films