Calceus
The calceus (plural calcei ) was the usual footwear of the Roman citizen . It was made of leather with a sole from which leather straps were wrapped around the foot and ankle and fastened with tie straps. The number of bands depended on the rank. The ankle-high, closed or toe-free boot was worn outside with a toga . Sandals similar to soldiers' caligae were worn with the tunic and in the house .
Different stands were entitled to carry specially designed calcei . The patrician , later only the curule magistrates had the privilege of Calceus patricius red leather, high sole, leather tongue ( ligula ) and a half-moon clasp of ivory ( lunula to wear). The agraffe is missing on the black Calceus senatorius , which was worn by the senators in the time of Cicero .
Women wore similar calcei made of softer, more brightly colored leather. Slaves were not allowed to wear calcei .
Calceus repandus is the originally Etrurian shoe with the tip of the shoe bent up wide at the front.
