Cardiolipins

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Structural formula of the cardiolipins. The radicals R stand for the hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids and can be different.

Cardiolipine is the common name for a group of diphosphatidylglycerols (more precisely: 1,3-bis (sn-3'-phosphatidyl) - sn - glycerol ), phospholipids with four fatty acid residues . The common name refers to the heart (gr. Kardia , καρδία ) from which the substances were first isolated. They occur exclusively in the membranes of bacteria and mitochondria (mainly in the inner membrane) and stabilize here, among other things. a. the proteins for oxidative phosphorylation . Cardiolipins also bind to the DNA in the chromatin state and are therefore possibly involved in gene regulation . They are the only phospholipids that are synthesized in the mitochondria. Antibodies that are formed against syphilis pathogens ( Treponema pallidum ) also bind to cardiolipins. Therefore, these phospholipids can be used as non-specific antigens in diagnostic tests for syphilis.

Disorders are the basis of the Barth syndrome .

literature

  • TH Haines, NA Dencher: Cardiolipin: A proton trap for oxidative phosphorylation. In: FEBS Lett . 528, 2002, pp. 35-39.
  • K. Matsumoto, J. Kusaka, A. Nishibori, H. Hara: Lipid domains in bacterial membranes. In: Mol. Microbiol. 61, 2006, pp. 1110-1117.
  • H. Palsdottir, C. Hunte: Lipids in membrane protein structures. In: Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1666, 2004, pp. 2-18.
  • J. Peter-Katalinic, W. Fischer: α-Glucopyranosyl-, D-alanyl- and L-lysylcardiolipin from gram-positive bacteria: analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. In: J. Lipid Res. 39, 1998, pp. 2286-229.
  • M. Schlame, MD Ren: Barth syndrome, a human disorder of cardiolipin metabolism. In: FEBS Letts. 580, 2006, pp. 5450-5455.
  • M. Schlame, M. Ren, Y. Xu, ML Greenberg, I. Haller: Molecular symmetry in mitochondrial cardiolipins. In: Chem. Phys. Lipids. 138, 2005, pp. 38-49.
  • M. Schlame, D. Rua, ML Greenberg: The biosynthesis and functional role of cardiolipin. In: Prog. Lipid Res. 39, 2000, pp. 257-288.
  • Y. Xu, RI Kelley, TJJ Blanck, M. Schlame: Remodeling of cardiolipin by phospholipid transacylation. In: J. Biol. Chem. 278, 2003, pp. 51380-51385.