Cellitinnenkloster Klein St. Ursula

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Cellitinnenkloster Klein St. Ursula is one of the historical monasteries in the city of Cologne . The nuns who inhabited it belonged to the religious family of the Cellites and were dedicated to nursing the sick.

history

Beguinage Marzellenstrasse

The Beguine Odelindis of Piritz bought on 23. March 1291 half of a house in Marzellenstraße which should serve to establish a convent of 12 poor beguines de Theodoric Snele. In 1349 the house, which was extended to the neighboring houses through further purchases and donations over time, was called "Konvent zo der Eynungen". The spiritual supervision of the monastery belonging to the parish of St. Maria Ablaß has been carried out by the prior of the Dominican monastery since it was founded . Since they, like many other Beguine Convents, suffered from a certain persecution on the part of the Church and the people, they asked the official of the Diocese of Cologne, Johannes de Cervo, for a visit, as a result of which he gave them a testimony in 1383 about their good ones Lifestyle exhibited. In the 14th century , the community built its own chapel, which on February 24, 1379 was granted the privilege of being able to continue to worship and to donate sacraments even in times of interdict. The chapel was dedicated to St. Ursula. Like most of the other beguinage and beggarden convents, this one too was exposed to many reprisals in the early days of its existence, so that on October 20, 1383 the "proper way of life" was established in a document by the official Johannes de Cervo. Since the convention, which in 1452 already had 23 members, had not yet adopted a fixed rule, it was represented by a superior in external and internal affairs. This office was administered by the parish priest and the Dominicans. The Beguines now pushed more and more to accept the Rule of St. Augustine , which then happened in 1487, and thus carried out the conversion of their convent into a cellite convent .

Convert to the Lords of the Cross

On August 21, 1488, the sisters joined the Brotherhood of the Lords of the Cross . The celebration was carried out by the superior general of the community himself. Four years later, on July 17, 1492, the general visitator of the Order of the Cell Brothers and Sisters of the Cell appeared and informed the mother that he, Brother Vrancken van Limburch, had come to visit the monasteries of the Order by virtue of apostolic privileges. In doing so he announced to them that at least once a year they should show their submission and reverence to the highest superior of the order with a gift, however small it may be.

In 1730 the chapel, about 38 feet long and 17 feet wide, was given a bell tower, and on May 10th of that year the accompanying bell was consecrated. The chapel was set back from Marzellenstrasse and could be reached from an inner courtyard through a vestibule. The sisters cared for the sick in their homes and, in addition to the usual three vows, took another vow, namely to promote peace and harmony among people. In individual cases, however, the visitor or provincial could dispense. So it came about For example, suppose that some sisters had cash at their disposal, were relieved of certain workloads and a lot more. If the monastery did not comply with these benefits, the sister could transfer to another Cellite monastery and the convent had to pay out the dowry without any deductions. On July 8, 1744, the mother of the monastery and the prior of the Dominican convent signed a treaty which obliged the Dominicans to read mass for the sisters at 7:00 a.m. all year round.

Decline and dissolution

During the First Coalition War , Cologne was occupied by French troops under the command of Jean-Baptiste Jourdan on October 6, 1794 . The monastery lost its tithe entitlement to Delhoven of 3,600 francs annually, but was not secularized . They were exempted from the general abolition of the orders, since they were among the orders that were “dedicated to public instruction and the care of the sick as their only purpose”. But the number of sisters fell rapidly, from ten in 1800 to six in 1802. The monastery was placed under the Commission de hospices (Hospitienkommission), which was entrusted with the supervision of the hospitals, welfare institutions and monasteries in the Département de la Roer . A file from the internship commission shows that in 1807 the majority of the sisters, contrary to the commission's wishes, wore secular clothing. On August 17, 1811, the last two novices entered the monastery. On this day they signed a contract with the superior of the monastery about the conditions of admission and a possible exit from the monastery. Even if the vows were taken again on December 20, 1817, in 1826 the community consisted of only two sisters who earned an annual income of 425 thalers .

After the poor administration proposed the transfer of the two sisters to the archbishop, he ordered a visit to the monastery. Domvikar Dilschneider, who was commissioned with the visitation, confirmed to the archbishop that regular monastic life was no longer possible in this house. Archbishop Ferdinand August von Spiegel thereupon approved the transfer of the sisters on January 18, 1827 and thus closed the monastery. The superior was granted an annual pension of 25 thalers. While the superior was transferring to the Elisabethkloster in Antongasse, the second sister transferred to "To the cell".

The monastery building itself, 90 feet long and 60 feet wide, was two stories high, the lower floor 11 feet high and the upper 8½ feet high, was sold and demolished in 1859. The chapel in the garden, 38 feet deep and 17 feet wide, was sold with the monastery.

literature

  • Wolfgang Schaffer: The last years of the monastery Klein St. Ursula in Cologne . In: Geschichte in Köln , vol. 26 (1989), pp. 95-105.
  • Wolfgang Schaffer: Cellitinnen in Cologne. On the fate of some not abolished convents 1790–1820 . In: Georg Mölich, Joachim Oepen, Wolfgang Rosen (ed.): Monastery culture and secularization in the Rhineland . Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2002, ISBN 3-89861-099-3 , pp. 121-141.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Schaffer: The last years of the monastery Klein St. Ursula in Cologne . In: Geschichte in Köln , vol. 26 (1989), pp. 95-105, here p. 96.
  2. ^ Carl Dietmar: The military system in the city of Cologne from the 13th to the 18th century . In: Heinz-Günther Hunold (Hrsg.): From the city soldier to the red spark. Military and Carnival in Cologne . Greven-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-7743-0372-X , p. 45.
  3. ^ Wolfgang Schaffer: Cellitinnen in Cologne. On the fate of some not abolished convents 1790–1820 . In: Georg Mölich, Joachim Oepen, Wolfgang Rosen (ed.): Monastery culture and secularization in the Rhineland . Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2002, pp. 121–141.
  4. ^ Eduard Hegel : History of the Archdiocese of Cologne , Vol. 4: The Archdiocese of Cologne between the Baroque and Enlightenment from the Palatinate War to the end of the French period, 1688–1814 . Bachem, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7616-0389-4 , p. 499.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Schaffer: The last years of the monastery Klein St. Ursula in Cologne . In: Geschichte in Köln , vol. 26 (1989), pp. 95-105.
  6. ^ Eduard Hegel: History of the Archdiocese of Cologne , Vol. 5: The Archdiocese of Cologne between the Restoration of the 19th Century and the Restoration of the 20th Century, 1815–1962 . Bachem, Cologne 1987, ISBN 3-7616-0873-X , p. 303.

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 30 ″  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 22 ″  E