Characinae

Characinae
Charax stenopterus
Systematics
Cohort : Otomorpha Sub-cohort : Ostariophysi Otophysa Order : Tetras (Characiformes) Family : True tetras (Characidae) Subfamily : Characinae
Scientific name
Characinae
Latreille , 1825

The Characinae are a subfamily of the true tetras (Characidae). The subfamily is widespread in Central and South America.

features

The Characinae are pike-like elongated to moderately high-backed predatory fish. They are very small to medium in size and grow to be 1.5 to 40 centimeters long. Their mouth is large, terminal or pointing upwards. In the upper jaw, the maxillary is long and, in most cases, fully dentate. Many species have conical, in many cases backward-pointing fangs, Exodon and Roeboides also have wart-like fangs that remain visible from the outside when the mouth is closed. The fish feed on a carnivorous diet, some species specialize in gnawing off the scales of other fish.

Genera and species

Acestrocephalus anomalus

• Acanthocharax Eigenmann, 1912
  • Acanthocharax microlepis Eigenmann, 1912
• Acestrocephalus Eigenmann, 1910
  • Acestrocephalus acutus Menezes, 2006
  • Acestrocephalus anomalus (Steindachner, 1880)
  • Acestrocephalus boehlkei Menezes, 1977
  • Acestrocephalus maculosus Menezes, 2006
  • Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus Menezes, 2006
  • Acestrocephalus pallidus Menezes, 2006
  • Acestrocephalus sardina (Fowler, 1913)
  • Acestrocephalus stigmatus Menezes, 2006
• Charax Scopoli, 1777
• Cynopotamus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850
  

  Cynopotamus argenteus
  • Cynopotamus amazonum (Günther, 1868)
  • Cynopotamus argenteus (Valenciennes, 1836)
  • Cynopotamus atratoensis (Eigenmann, 1907)
  • Cynopotamus bipunctatus Pellegrin, 1909
  • Cynopotamus essequibensis Eigenmann, 1912
  • Cynopotamus gouldingi Menezes, 1987
  • Cynopotamus juruenae Menezes, 1987
  • Cynopotamus kincaidi (Schultz 1950)
  • Cynopotamus magdalenae (Steindachner, 1879)
  • Cynopotamus tocantinensis Menezes, 1987
  • Cynopotamus venezuelae (Schultz, 1944)
  • Cynopotamus xinguano Menezes, 2007
• Galeocharax Fowler, 1910
  

  Galeocharax humeralis
  • Galeocharax goeldii (Fowler, 1913)
  • Galeocharax gulo (Cope, 1870)
  • Galeocharax humeralis (Valenciennes, 1834)
• Microschemobrycon Eigenmann, 1915
  • Microschemobrycon callops Böhlke, 1953
  • Microschemobrycon casiquiare Böhlke, 1953
  • Microschemobrycon cryptogrammus Ohara et al., 2019
  • Microschemobrycon elongatus Géry, 1973
  • Microschemobrycon geisleri Géry, 1973
  • Microschemobrycon guaporensis Eigenmann, 1915
  • Microschemobrycon melanotus (Eigenmann, 1912)
  • Microschemobrycon meyburgi Meinken, 1975
• Phenacogaster Eigenmann, 1907
  

  Phenacogaster beni
  

  Phenacogaster franciscoensis
  

  Phenacogaster wayana
  • Phenacogaster apletostigma de Lucena & Gama, 2007
  • Phenacogaster beni Eigenmann, 1911
  • Phenacogaster calverti (Fowler, 1941)
  • Phenacogaster capitulatus de Lucena & Malabarba, 2010
  • Phenacogaster carteri (Norman, 1934)
  • Phenacogaster franciscoensis Eigenmann, 1911
  • Phenacogaster jancupa Malabarba & de Lucena, 1995
  • Phenacogaster julliae Lucena & Lucena, 2019
  • Phenacogaster maculoblongus de Lucena & Malabarba, 2010
  • Phenacogaster megalostictus Eigenmann, 1909
  • Phenacogaster microstictus Eigenmann, 1909
  • Phenacogaster napoatilis de Lucena & Malabarba, 2010
  • Phenacogaster ojitatus de Lucena & Malabarba, 2010
  • Phenacogaster pectinatus (Cope, 1870)
  • Phenacogaster prolatus de Lucena & Malabarba, 2010
  • Phenacogaster retropinnus de Lucena & Malabarba, 2010
  • Phenacogaster simulatus de Lucena & Malabarba, 2010
  • Phenacogaster suborbitalis Ahl, 1936
  • Phenacogaster tegatus (Eigenmann, 1911)
  • Phenacogaster wayampi Le Bail & de Lucena, 2010
  • Phenacogaster wayana Le Bail & de Lucena, 2010
• Priocharax Weitzman & Vari, 1987
  

  Indefinite Roeboides species
  • Priocharax ariel Weitzman & Vari, 1987
  • Priocharax nanus Toledo-Piza et al., 2014
  • Priocharax pygmaeus Weitzman & Vari, 1987
• Roeboides Günther, 1864

literature

• Günther Sterba : The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 .
• Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
• J. Marcos Mirande (2018): Morphology, molecules and the phylogeny of Characidae (Teleostei, Characiformes). Cladistics, June 2018. doi: 10.1111 / cla.12345

Web links

Commons : Characinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Characinae on Fishbase.org (English)