Charles Balten

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Charles Balten (around 1867)

Charles Appolinaire Balten (born January 14, 1830 in Troyes ; † November 24, 1908 there ) was a French gardener, tree nursery owner and pomologist.

Life and family

Charles Balten (around 1898)
Ernest Balten (1835–1922), the brother of Charles Baltet

Charles Balten was born in 1830 as the son of the nursery owner Lyé-Savinien Balten (born January 6, 1800 in Troyes, † August 25, 1879 in Troyes) and his wife Victoire, née Leclerc (born October 30, 1803 in Troyes, † March 20, 1888 in Troyes) born in Troyes. He had two siblings:

  • Virginie (born November 12, 1828 in Troyes, † December 25, 1918 in Troyes)
  • Ernest Lyé (born November 25, 1835 in Troyes, † May 27, 1922 in Troyes)

Charles Balten attended the local school and then Pithou College in his native Troyes.

On June 9, 1855 he married Catherine Alexandrine Mignard in Troyes Hortense (* May 18, 1836 in Troyes, † October 15, 1872 in Troyes) with whom he had three children:

  • Alice Hortense Amélie Virginie (born January 18, 1857 in Troyes, † March 13, 1876 in Troyes)
  • Lucie Marie Ernestine (born November 27, 1863 in Troyes, † October 12, 1939 in Troyes)
  • Lucien Charles Eugene (born November 27, 1867 in Troyes, † May 27, 1918 in Troyes)

After the death of his first wife in 1872, he married Amélie Prudence Désirée Mainfroy (born November 15, 1845, † June 22, 1919 in Troyes) in 1872 in second marriage on November 3, 1874 in Troyes, with whom he had three more children got:

  • Charles Ernest Eugene Auguste Lyé (born October 16, 1875 in Troyes, † April 14, 1876 in Troyes)
  • Eva Alice Eugene Hortense (born August 10, 1877 in Troyes, † August 13, 1964 in Vila nova de Gaia )
  • Amélie Louise Charlotte Victoire (born June 15, 1882 in Troyes, † June 5, 1966 in Vila nova de Gaia)

Charles Baltet's cousin was the politician Claude Stanislas Baltet, who was a member of the French parliament for the Republican Union from 1881 to 1889.

Charles Balten died on November 24, 1908 at the age of 70 in Troyes.

The Freres Balten nursery

The Balten tree nursery is a traditional family business. Charles Baltet's father, Lyé-Savinien Baltet, was a gardener and tree nurse in the 9th generation. After the death of his father Savinien Balten (* 1771, † 23 August 1820 in Troyes), he took over the business together with his brother Claude. From then on, the two brothers ran the company under the name of Freres Baltet . Although Claude Balten died of cholera in 1832, the tree nursery continued to operate under the name of Freres Baltet in memory of the deceased . Lyé-Savinien Balten established the tree nursery in the suburb of Croncels, where he gradually acquired numerous contiguous properties. The nursery specialized mainly in fruit trees, but ornamental trees, roses and dahlias were also cultivated.

After completing their school education, Charles and his brother Ernest initially worked in their parents' tree nursery before they jointly took over its management in 1855. Under the direction of Charles Balten, the nursery resulted in numerous breeds of fruit varieties.

In addition to his practical work as a tree nurser, Charles Baltet is committed to theoretical progress in the field of horticulture and fruit tree cultivation. He was one of the founding members of the Société vigneronne & forestière and the Société d'horticulture de l'Aube, whose secretary he became in 1850 when he was only 20 years old. When it was founded in 1856, he was President of the Pomological Congress in Lyon.

In 1856 he founded the Societé pomologique de France in Lyon, which he was president for many years. Balten is the founder of the "Société Horticole, Vigneronne et Forestière de l'Aube". Balten was a member of a total of 125 horticultural societies, 35 of them abroad.

In 1864 Charles Balten traveled to Belgium on behalf of the French government to find out about agricultural progress there. Based on his findings, he wrote the report L'Horticulture en Belgique: son enseignement, ses institutions, son organization officielle. published by the French government in 1865. The Société Nationale d'Horticulture de France awarded him a gold medal for this report. Also for the almost 800-page work L'horticulture dans les cinq parties du monde , published in 1895 . He received a gold medal from the Société Nationale d'Horticulture and the Joubert de l'Hyberderie Prize, endowed with 10,000 francs.

The nursery still exists today and is now run in the 13th generation by Éric Baltet-Dumont, a great-grandson of Charles Baltet, under the name of Les Arbres Eric Dumont .

Plant breeding

Sectional drawing of the banner of Croncels from the German Pomology by Wilhelm Lauche (1883)
Dr. Jules Guyot, grown in the tree nursery of the Baltet brothers

Famous varieties of fruit, but also roses, lilacs and dahlias emerged from the Freres Baltet nursery.

  • Apples
    • Apple of Croncels , also under the synonyms Transparent from Croncels , Eisapfel of Croncels and rose apple of Croncels disseminated; Marketed in 1869
    • Cramoisie de Croncels
  • Pears
    • Beurré Balten Père, also Baltet Sr., father Baltet
    • Dr. Jules Guyot, also Dr. Julius Guyot, raised from seed in the Baltet nursery and marketed in 1875. Named in honor of the French doctor and physicist Jules Guyot , who propagated a new form of vine training (Guyot training).
    • Madame Ernest Balten, drawn in 1879
    • Fondante de Croncels, seedling from Clapps Liebling x Virginie Baltet
    • Charles Ernest, also Charles Ernst, 1879
    • Madame Lye Balts, 1877
    • De Flanders, 1876
    • Roosevelt, 1905
    • Virginie Balten, 1905
    • President Deviolaine, 1905
    • Madame Ernest Balten, 1905
    • Professeur Opoix, 1905, named after the French fruit growing scientist Octave Opoix
    • Wilder, 1906
    • Professeur Grosdemange, 1906
    • Giffard's Butter Pear, also Beurré Giffard, 1906
    • Beurré d'Avril, 1909
    • Eva Balten, around 1890, cross between Williams Christbirne x Wood-colored Butterbirne
  • Stone fruit
    • Late muscatel plum, 1859
    • Précoce de Croncels (common in Germany as early croncels), nectarine
    • Le Vainqueur, Peach, 1906
    • Charles Ingouf, Peach, 1906
    • Balten, peach

Various plant breeders named varieties in honor of the Baltet nursery. So baptized Pierre Tourasse one of him from a cross of Williams Christ pear with wood colored butter pear bred and 1895 in the trade brought Pear Eva Baltet after the daughter of Charles Baltet. In 1873, the French rose breeder Moreau-Robert named a carmine-red Remontant rose he had grown after Charles Baltet's wife, Madame Charles Baltet .

Honors

  • Charles Balten was the bearer of the Legion of Honor. In 1898 he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Russian Order of Saint Anne .
  • In Saint-Pouange, the agricultural and technical lyceum was named after Charles Baltet.
  • In Troyes, the boulevard Charles Baltet and in Saint-Andre-les-Vergers the rue Charles Baltet is named after the famous tree nursery man.

Works

  • La Mise à fruit des arbres fruitiers rebelles. 1850
  • La Culture perfectionnée de la vigne. 1857
  • Les bonnes poires: leur description abrégée et la manière de les cultiver. 1859
    • further editions: 1860
    • Translation into German: Selection of valuable pear varieties: Brief description and indication of the most appropriate cultivation of the same . Bardtenschlager, 1863
    • Translation into Dutch: De goede peren, hunne kortbondige beschryving en kweekwyze. Michiels, 1863
  • Report on the Jardin Fruitier du Muséum . Dufour-Bouquot, Troyes 1861
  • Pépinière et multiplication des végétaux. 1864
  • Culture du poirier: comprenant la plantation, la taille, la mise à fruit, et la description ábrégée des cent meilleures poires. Librairie centrale d'Agriculture et de Jardinage. Paris 1865
  • Practical guide to arboriculture: With the portrait of the author and 44 images printed in the text. Dorn publishing house. Ravensburg 1865. German translation of the chapter by C. Baltet on arboriculture and pomology for the encyclopedia Le livre de la ferme et des maisons de campagne. ; translated by B. Hummel and Eduard von Lade
  • L'Horticulture en Belgique: son enseignement, ses institutions, son organization officielle. Victor Masson et fils, Paris 1865
  • L'Art de greffer les arbres, arbrisseaux et arbustes fruitiers, forestiers ou d'ornement - pour les multiplier, les former ou les mettre a fruit. Vicot Masson et fils. Paris 1867
    • further editions: Paris 1869, 1880, 1888, 1892, 1902
    • Translation into English: The Art of Grafting and Budding. London, 1882
  • Report on the question of the incision annulaire de la taille tardive et du pincement de la vigne. Ministère de l'Agriculture et la Commerce, 1870
  • Arboriculture fruitière et viticulture. 1870
  • La Culture des arbres fruitiers au point de vue de la grande production. 1871
  • La Coulure Du Raisin: Ses Causes Et Effets, Moyens de L'Empcher. Dufour-Bouquot, Troyes 1871
    • Translation into Spanish: El corrimiento de las uvas: aumentado con una introduccion. translated by Mariano Vergara. E. Cuesta, 1890
  • Traitement des vignes gelées. 1873
  • Meilleures fries à cultiver. 1879
  • Les Bonnes Poires d'hiver. Dufour-Bouquot, 1880
  • L'action du froid sur les végétaux pendant l'hiver 1879-80: ses effets dans les jardins, les pépinières, les parcs, les forêts et les vignes, avec la nomenclature des arbres et des arbustes qui ont succombé ou résisté à la gelée . J. Tremblay, 1882
  • Traité de culture fruitière commerciale et bourgeoise. 1884
    • further editions: 1908
  • Arbustes de pleine terre. 1886
  • Le Surgreffage des végétaux. 1887
  • L'Horticulture française: ses progrès et ses conquètes depuis 1789. 1890
  • La Production du vin et du cider dans l'Aube. 1890
  • L'horticulture dans les cinq parties du monde. Société nationale d'horticulture, 1895
  • Causeries sur la rose en Champagne. Société d'agriculture, commerce, sciences et arts du département de la Marne, 1894
  • La pepiniere, fruitiere, forestiere arbustive, vigneronne et coloniale. Masson et Cie, 1903
  • Chrysanthemum Et Dahlia. Leur Entrée en Europe, en France Et Dans Le Département de L'Aube. 1905
  • Les fruits de commerce: d'exportation et de marche: question traitee au congres internationale d'horticulture, De Liege, du 8 au 10 May 1905. Librairie Agricole de la Maison Rustique, 1906
  • Des arbres et arbrisseaux d'ornement de plein air cultivés pour leurs fleurs. Operations de taille en rapport avec la connaissance de leur mode de floraison. Société nationale d'horticulture de France. Paris ** further editions: 1898, 1905
  • Les arbres, arbrisseaux et arbustes à fleurs de plein air: leur mode de floraison, taille d'hiver, taille d'été, absence de taille.
    • further editions: 5th edition 1905

Web links

Commons : Charles Balten  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b J. Schweitzer: Charles-Appolinaire Baltet. on the Troyes d'hier à aujourd'hui homepage , accessed on June 27, 2015
  2. ^ E. Lucas: Charles Balten in Troyes - Biographical sketch with portrait. In: JGC Oberdieck, E. Lucas: Illustrated monthly books for fruit and viticulture - Organ of the German Pomologists Association, Eugen Ulmer, Ravensburg 1869, p. 130
  3. ^ Lyé-Savinien Balten in Troyes. - Excerpt from the necrology in the annals of the Horticultural Society of the Aube Department No. 72, 1879. In: E. Lucas: Pomological monthly books - magazine for the promotion and elevation of fruit science, fruit culture and fruit use. Published by Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1880, pp. 195f
  4. ↑ Catalog et prix-courant: Établissement d'horticulture de Balten frères. Grande pépinière de Concels à Troyes (Aube). Dufour-Brouquet, 1877
  5. ^ E. Lucas: Charles Balten in Troyes - Biographical sketch with portrait. In: E. Lucas: Illustrated monthly books for fruit and viticulture - Organ of the German Pomologists Association, Eugen Ulmer, Ravensburg 1869, p. 130
  6. ^ A b c F. Lucas: Charles Balten, Troyes. In: F. Lucas: Pomological monthly books - Allgemeine Deutsche Obstbauzeitung. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1898, p. 210
  7. ↑ C. Balten: L'Horticulture en Belgique: son enseignement, ses institutions, son organization officielle. Victor Masson et fils, Paris 1865
  8. ^ Charles Balten: L'horticulture dans les cinq parties du monde. Société Nationale d'Horticulture de France, Paris 1895, title page
  9. ↑ E. Dumont - Balts: 14 générations de pépiniéristes. Contribution to the history of the nursery on the Les Arbres Eric Dumont homepage . , accessed February 7, 2015
  10. ↑ No. 836. Transparente de Croncels. In: Wilhelm Lauche: Lauche's supplementary volume to Lucas and Oberdieck Illustrirtes Handbuch der Obstkunde, Verlag Parey, Berlin 1883, p. 293 f
  11. ↑ Pear: Dr. Julius Guyot. In: L. von Nagy (ed.): Austro-Hungarian orchard. Illustrated magazine for fruit growing and fruit trade as well as for floriculture, kitchen and commercial gardening. 1st year, Verlag Wilhelm Köhler, Vienna 1884, pp. 90f f
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Siegfried Braun: New and recommendable plants. - New French fruits. In: Gartenflora - magazine for gardening and flower science - organ of the association for the promotion of horticulture in the Prussian states. 55th year, Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin 1906, pp. 637–639.
  13. ^ C. Mathieu: The Nectarine (Brügnole) Early by Croncels. Brugnon Précoce de Croncels. In: Friedrich Lucas (Ed.): Pomological monthly books - Allgemeine Deutsche Obstbauzeitung. Published by Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1898, pp. 144ff
  14. ↑ Eduard Lucas: Pear Eva Baltat. In: Friedrich Lucas (Ed.): Pomological monthly books - Allgemeine Deutsche Obstbauzeitung. Published by Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1898, pp. 253f
  15. ^ Entry on the rose Madame Charles Baltet on the World of Roses homepage , accessed on June 27, 2015
  16. ↑ Personal details . In: F. Lucas: Pomological monthly books - Allgemeine Deutsche Obstbauzeitung. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1898, p. 111


personal data
SURNAME Balten, Charles
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Balts, Charles Appolinaire
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French nursery owner and pomologist
DATE OF BIRTH January 14, 1830
PLACE OF BIRTH Troyes
DATE OF DEATH November 24, 1908
Place of death Troyes