Jules Guyot
Jules Guyot (* 1807 in Gyé-sur-Seine in the French department of Aube ; † March 31, 1872 at Castle Savigny-lès-Beaune , Côte-d'Or ) was a French doctor, physicist and scientist of the 19th century and particularly well-known for his viticulture studies.
biography
Guyot came from the Aube department. After studying medicine in Paris , he experienced the July Revolution in 1830 , which he followed with enthusiasm. Disappointed by the citizen king Louis-Philippe , he turned to an active opposition among the young Republicans, took part in political actions and was imprisoned in Sainte-Pélagie prison in 1831.
Soon he gave up politics in order to deal exclusively with scientific work in the fields of mechanics, physics and telegraphy, among others. He invented a new type of locomotive. But above all, Guyot established its reputation for its remarkable viticulture studies, which led to great changes in France. Shortly after completing his work Étude des vignobles de France (study of the wine-growing regions of France), he died in the castle of the Count of Loyère in Savigny-lès-Beaune.
Act
Guyot is now best known for his namesake training system Guyot , the most commonly practiced in European quality wine-growing form of education. The Guyot system is used in Germany , Austria , Italy , Spain and France as an alternative to the gobelet .
In this system, the vines grow up on horizontally stretched wires (wire frames). The second closest fruit cane to the vine is tied to the bottom wire, cut to six to fifteen eyes , then bent and tied to the bottom wire. This bog vine bears the grapes that year. The fruit cane that is closest to the vine trunk bears the grapes for the next year. The yields that are achieved with the Guyot system depend heavily on the pruning (number of eyes) and the age of the vines.
Vine before pruning.
Vine after pruning - a short tenon and a long straightener (flat arch).
Cut vine.
On the right a cone with two eyes (is replacement wood for shoots that will be cut in the coming year) and a straightener
In the DA-CH region , Guyot is also known as the stretched arch system. In Austria, Germany as well as in French Burgundy and Bordeaux, the most common method is the double pendulum arch. Two fruit shoots are left on the vine. One variant is the single stretch curve. Only one fruit shoot is left with this. There are numerous sub-variants.
- → Main article Vine training # Vertical training systems
The Guyot cut, named after him, can also be found in fruit growing, which he observed on his travels in France and which he popularized.
Fonts
- Culture de la vigne et vinification . Deuxième édition. Paris,
- Vine culture and winemaking Two editions, Paris. Librairie agricole de la Maison rustique, 1861.
- This work is his first on the subject. The original edition is from 1860. It is a viticulture and winemaking manual, with a study of soils with poor fertility and his personal experience in improving cultivation and winemaking methods.
- Sur la viticulture du center sud de la France (1865)
- About viticulture in central southern France
- Comparative study report to the Minister of Agriculture Armand Béhic on viticulture in the departments of Gironde , Dordogne , Tarn-et-Garonne , Tarn-et-Aveyron .
- Sur la viticulture du center nord de la France (1866)
- About viticulture in central northern France
- Comparative study report to the Minister of Agriculture on the viticulture of eight departments: Cher , Côte-d'Or , Allier , Yonne , Nièvre , Aube , Saône-et-Loire and Loiret . Very detailed technical, scientific and economic report of great historical and sociological interest with several plates.
- Étude des vignobles de France, pour servir à l'enseignement mutuel de la viticulture et de la vinification françaises . Deuxième édition augmentée… by M.-P COIGNET.
- Study of the wine-growing regions of France in order to serve the mutual teaching of French viticulture and winemaking. Les Éditions Masson.
- The study contains more than the first study published in 1868: a biographical note on the author, an alphabetical table of the representations, a table of personal names and the places mentioned, and an alphabetical and analytical overview of the materials. Volume I contains a colored map which presents the 8 wine-growing regions of the south-east of France. ( Alpes-Maritimes , Basses-Alpes , Var , Corse , Bouches-du-Rhône , Vaucluse , Gard , Hérault , Aude , Pyrénées-Orientales ), the southwest ( Ariège , Haute-Garonne , Hautes-Pyrénées , Basses-Pyrénées , Landes , Gers , Tarn-et-Garonne , Lot-et-Garonne , Gironde et Dordogne ). - Volume II is devoted to the Center-Sud region (Tarn, Lot, Aveyron, Ardèche, Haute-Loire, Cantal, Corrèze, Haute-Vienne, Puy-de-Dôme), the East region (Hautes-Alpes, Drôme, Isère, Savoie, Ain, Jura, Doubs, Haute-Saône) and the West region (Charentes, Vendée, Deux-Sèvres, Vienne, Indre, Loire-Inférieure, Maine-et-Loire, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher ). - The last volume describes the situation in Burgundy and Orléanais (Lyonnais, Beaujolais, Loire, Saône-et-Loire, Côte-d'Or, Aube, Yonne, Allier, Nièvre, Cher, Loiret), the north-east region ( Alsace, Vosges, Meurthe, Moselle, Meuse, Haute-Marne, Ardennes, Marne, Aisne), the north-west region (Seine-et-Marne, Oise, the Paris region, Eure, Sarthe, Mayenne, Brittany). This complete inventory of French viticulture with its 71 wine-growing departments is the fruit of six years of work that Dr. Guyot made between 1861 and 1867 and, in addition to the important aspects of the cultivation areas and viticulture, also described the work and daily life of the winemaker with his wishes and needs.
- De la Télégraphie de Jour et de Nuit. Marchands de Nouveautés, Paris, 1840 Description du système de télégraphie de nuit du savant français Jules Guyot (1808–1872). Description of the telegraphic device that Guyot developed. Incl. 3 large picture panels.
- Les paradoxes de 1789 et les principes sociaux . Paris, E. Dentu, 1870
- Sur la viticulture du Sud-Ouest de la France , Paris, Imprimerie Impériale, 1862
- Report to Eugène Rouher Comparative studies on viticulture in the departments of De L'Hérault, De L'Aude, Des Pyrénées-Orientales, De La Haute-Garonne, De L'Ariège, Des Hautes-Pyrénées, Des Basses-Pyrénées, Des Landes , Du Gers, Du Lot, Du Lot-Et Garonne provided with 89 illustrations.
- Sur la viticulture de l'Est de la France , 1863
- Sur la viticulture du Nord-Est de France , 1864
- Sur la viticulture de l'Ouest de la France. Paris, Imprimerie Impériale, 1866
- Report to Louis Henri Armand Béhic , Minister of Agriculture, comparative studies on the departments de la Corse, de la Charente, de la Vienne, de l'Indre, de la Haute Vienne, des Deux Sèvres, de la Vendée, et de la Loire-Inférieure . With 112 illustrations in the text.
- Sur la viticulture du Nord-Ouest de la France , 1867
See also
Honors
- The Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin of the Université de Bourgogne ( Dijon ) was named after Jules Guyot.
- By Charles Baltet drawn Pear Dr. Jules Guyot was named in his honor.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Guyot, Jules |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French doctor and physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1807 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Gyé-sur-Seine , Aube department |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 31, 1872 |
| Place of death | Savigny-lès-Beaune |