Charlottenburg (Eisenach)
The Charlottenburg Palace in Eisenach ( Thuringia ) was a baroque palace building on the edge of the old town from the first decade of the 18th century.
history
The Saxony-Eisenach Duke Wilhelm Heinrich lived in his reign a building complex called Royal Palace at today's Esplanade south of St. George's Church , only parts (Old residence and from which today Creutznacher house have been preserved). The Duke looked south from his official residence to a palace garden that had already been created in 1606 on the site of the demolished church of the former Franciscan monastery of St. Paul. This kitchen garden and the meadow area extended to the Eisenach city wall at the bell tower. A new, park-like palace garden was created there based on his designs. At the highest point, next to the still existing bell house and the city wall tower, the summer palace was built in 1700 as a garden house in the style of the Baroque era. The whole garden was accessed by stairs, ramps and horizontally arranged walking paths and embellished with arbors and grottos. Gilded statues and two fountains were built. The water was taken from a 40 m deep well carved into the rock. A heated greenhouse was built to overwinter the mostly exotic plants. This garden house was named Charlottenburg in 1723 on the occasion of the marriage of the Hereditary Prince Wilhelm Heinrich to the Prussian Princess Anna Sophia Charlotte.
The park extended in the south up to the city wall, in the west up to today's Pfarrberg and in the north up to the buildings of the residential palace on the esplanade. Due to the hillside location, the palace garden extended over two terraces. On the lower one, today's Goethe School was opened as the Charlotte School in 1884. The upper terrace was laid out as a French garden. From there a flight of stairs led up to the summer house.
After the Eisenach Duke Johann Heinrich died in 1729, interest in the luxurious palace garden died out. The heir and successor, Duke Wilhelm Heinrich, was devoted to the craft of war and sacrificed the lower terrace in 1732 in order to have a garrison church for his Eisenach regiment built on the foundation walls of the Franciscan church. His empty treasury prevented the completion of the shell, which threatened to collapse after a lengthy interruption in construction and without structural security. The crumbling garden walls were renewed or repaired with the demolition material.
When Anna Sophie Charlotte (1706–1751), born Margravine of Brandenburg-Schwedt , the widow of the last Duke of Eisenach, Wilhelm Heinrich, was expelled from the country and further humiliating gestures by the "heir" became known, she ordered the one she lived in without further ado To clear out the Residenzschloss “down to the last nail” - at least according to tradition, when they moved out, there wasn't much that was left in the building. Enraged by this embarrassment, Duke Ernst August is said to have ordered the immediate demolition of the residential palace, and this request was granted without hesitation. The system under the city wall was also devastated. Today's city palace was completed in a hurry by incorporating town houses.
The Charlottenburg garden palace now served as a summer house, later private individuals leased the area as a kitchen garden. The castle brewery was expanded on the south side of the building complex of the old residence. Around 1775 an ornamental garden was set up in the Charlottenburg complex. In the 1820s, the Charlottenburg garden house was enlarged by an extension, and on April 1, 1826, the Charlottenburg was leased to private owners. The proximity to the city center has long aroused covetousness when around 1870 the areas near the city were designated as building land and the development of Domstrasse, Charlottenstrasse and other fallow areas on the edge of the old town was approved by the city administration. However, the city was also obliged to build schools and public buildings in the city center. In 1878, the Eisenach city administration acquired the Charlottenburg and the associated garden. In 1882 another school was started on the lower terrace, which was named Charlotte School. During the construction, the foundation walls of the Franciscan Church and the associated medieval cemetery were exposed. In 1883, the Protestant parish on the west side of the complex was given a large piece of the Charlottenburg Gardens to build a new superintendent building. The garden house in Charlottenburg had to be demolished in the summer of 1908. The terraced slopes above the Georgenschule , the garden gate on the Pfarrberg and the fountain have been preserved from the complex .
Web links
literature
- Hugo Peter: The Charlottenburg and its time . In: Contributions to the history of Eisenach . Booklet 28. Hofbuchdruckerei Kahle, Eisenach 1929, p. 1-28 .
- Bernd Mähler, Heinrich Weigel: Gardens, parks and park-like valleys and forest areas in the Eisenach district . In: Eisenach writings on local history . Eisenach 1985, plan copy of the Charlottengarten (original in the Anna-Amalia-Bibliothek Weimar), p. 7 .
- Gerd Bergmann: Older history of Eisenach. From the beginning to the beginning of the 19th century . Ed .: Eisenacher History Association. Kröner, Eisenach 1994, ISBN 3-9803976-0-2 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Hugo Peter: The ducal residence in Eisenach - Contributions to the history of Eisenach. Part XX. Eisenach 1910.
- ↑ Hartmut Eckebrecht: The Charlottenburg . Home pages '92 of the Eisenacher country. Marburg 1993, ISBN 3-924269-95-5 , p. 132.
- ↑ Isolde Lehmann: The Eisenach city palace - data on its building history. Eisenach Yearbook 1993. Marburg 1993, pp. 66–76.
- ^ Karl Kahle: From Eisenach's good and bad days (1821-1830) . In: Contributions to the history of Eisenach . Book IX. Hofbuchdruckerei Kahle, Eisenach 1899, p. 102 .
Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 23 ″ N , 10 ° 19 ′ 7 ″ E