Ornamental leafhoppers
| Ornamental leafhoppers | ||||||||||||
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Schmuckzikade Bothrogonia sp. from India |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cicadellinae | ||||||||||||
| Latreille , 1825 |
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The ornamental leaf hoppers (Cicadellinae) are a widespread subfamily of the dwarf leaf hoppers (Cicadellidae) within the suborder of the round head leaf hoppers (Cicadomorpha). These are mostly medium-sized species with lively, conspicuous and sometimes high-contrast coloring.
Features and way of life
The animals are mostly of medium size with lively, conspicuous and sometimes high-contrast coloring. The species native to Central Europe are often quite active in movement and therefore conspicuous. They colonize layers of herbs as well as bushes and trees and feed on sap, which they ingest with their specially built, piercing-sucking mouthparts . They use the xylem sap that rises in the plant . As with all hemimetabolic insects , the larvae develop directly; they and the adult animals basically have the same body structure. With increasing age, the systems for the wings and genital fittings grow and grow. The animals go through five larval stages . They overwinter in the ice stage.
distribution
Ornamental cicadas are distributed worldwide with approx. 350 genera with 3100 species. The focus of their biodiversity lies in the Eastern Palearctic and especially in the Neotropic .
Taxonomy
The ornamental cicadas are a group of cicadas (Auchenorrhyncha), which are divided into four tribes . In Europe there are nine species in six genera, of which 6 species occur in 4 genera in Central Europe and including Germany.
Species in Europe
- Anoterostemmatini
- Anoterostemma ivanoffi Low , 1885
- Cicadellini
- Swamp leaf hoppers ( Cicadella lasiocarpae Ossiannilsson, 1981)
- Cicadella viridis and green leafhopper ( Cicadella viridis ( Linnaeus , 1758))
- Rhododendron cicada ( Graphocephala fennahi Young , 1977)
- Evacanthini
- Grove leaf hoppers ( Evacanthus acuminatus ( Fabricius , 1794))
- Meadow leaf hoppers ( Evacanthus interruptus ( Linnaeus , 1758))
- Evacanthus rostagnoi ( Picco , 1921)
- Errhomenini
- Bathysmatophorus reuteri Sahlberg , 1871
- Moss leaf hoppers ( Errhomenus brachypterus fever , 1866)
Other types (selection)
- Acrogonia virescens
- Cuerna costalis
- Cuerna striata
- Errhomus ochoco
- Errhomus pallidus
- Errhomus rivalis
- Errhomus serratus
- Graphocephala atropunctata
- Graphocephala aurora
- Graphocephala hieroglyphica
- Helochara communis
- Homalodisca coagulata (glassy-winged sharpshooter)
- Homalodisca lacerta
- Homalodisca liturata
- Hylaius oregonensis
- Lystridea uhleri
- Pagaronia confusa
- Pamplona spatulata
- Paraulacizes irrorata
- Phera obtusifrons
- Plesiommata tripunctata
- Proconosama columbica
Economical meaning
Some species of the subfamily can indirectly appear as pests through the transmission of bacteria and viruses in agricultural crops. So transmits Homalodisca coagulata , engl. glassy-winged sharpshooter , the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa due to their sucking activity in vineyard cultures in California.
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literature
The information comes from the following literature:
- R. Biedermann & R. Niedringhaus: The cicadas of Germany - identification tables for all species. Fründ, Scheeßel 2004, ISBN 3-00-012806-9 .
- R. Remane & E. Wachmann: Cicadas - get to know, observe. Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg 1993, ISBN 3-89440-044-7 .
- H. Nickel: The leafhoppers and planthoppers of Germany (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha): Patterns and strategies in a highly diverse group of phytophagous insects. Pensoft, Sofia and Moscow 2003, ISBN 954-642-169-3 .
Single sources
The following sources are cited for individual aspects:
- ↑ Cicadellinae in Fauna Europaea , as of March 2, 2015.
- ^ WE Holzinger: Provisional directory of the cicadas of Central Europe (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha); Preliminary checklist of the Auchenorrhyncha (leafhoppers, planthoppers, froghoppers, treehoppers, cicadas) of Central Europe , Stand 2003 ( [1] ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 122 kB), accessed on May 8, 2007
- ↑ Herbert Nickel and Reinhard Remane: List of species of cicadas in Germany, with information on nutrient plants, food breadth, life cycle, area and endangerment (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha). Contributions to the cicada, 5, pp. 27–64, 2002 full text (PDF, German; 234 kB)
- ^ Cicadellinae National Center of Biotechnology Information NCBI , accessed April 7, 2008
- ^ The glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca coagulata and Xylella fastidiosa: An Emerging Success ., USDA-Agricultural Research Service Invasive Species Success Stories, PDF , accessed April 7, 2008
