Lance sea urchin
| Lance sea urchin | ||||||||||||
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| Gray , 1825 |
The lance sea urchins (Cidaridae) belong to the subclass Perischoechinoidea , to which mainly primitive and now extinct species belong.
Description and characteristics
Lance sea urchins have been around since the Devonian . They get their German name from the 30 to 90 strong, up to 30 centimeters long primary spines, which are always provided with thorns, thickenings or thick end pieces or have grooves. Since they are not covered by skin, they are often colonized by algae or other invertebrates. The primary spines can be twice as long as the diameter of the body. They are often black, red or yellow in color, often ringed, hollow and very sharp. It is believed that they also contain poison. The small secondary spines lie in a ring around the base of the thick primary spines, around the anus and the genital plate. Overall, the spiked armor is so thin that you can still see the shell of the body.
Some lance sea urchins such as the genera Ctenocidaris and Notocidaris take care of the brood and protect the brood between their spines.
Almost all lance sea urchins are omnivores and feed on algae, sponges , bog animals , sea squirts , coral polyps and bristle worms .
List of genera
According to World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
- Subfamily Cidarinae (Mortensen, 1928a)
- Genus Calocidaris (HL Clark, 1907)
- Genus Centrocidaris (A. Agassiz, 1904)
- Genus Chondrocidaris (A. Agassiz, 1863)
- Genus Chorocidaris (Ikeda, 1941)
- Genus Cidaris (Leske, 1778)
- Genus Compsocidaris (Ikeda, 1939)
- Genus Eucidaris (Pomel, 1883)
- Genus Hesperocidaris (Mortensen, 1928b)
- Genus Kionocidaris (Mortensen, 1932)
- Genus Lissocidaris (Mortensen, 1939)
- Genus Tretocidaris (Mortensen, 1903b)
- Subfamily Goniocidarinae (Mortensen, 1928a)
- Genus Austrocidaris (HL Clark, 1907)
- Genus Goniocidaris (Desor, in Agassiz & Desor, 1846)
- Genus Ogmocidaris (Mortensen, 1921)
- Genus Psilocidaris (Mortensen, 1927)
- Genus Rhopalocidaris (Mortensen, 1927)
- Genus Schizocidaris (Mortensen, 1903b)
- Genus Adelcidaris (Cotton & Godfrey, 1942) ( nomen dubium )
- Tribe Phyllacanthina (Smith & Wright, 1989)
- Genus Phyllacanthus (Brandt, 1835)
- Subfamily Stereocidarinae (Lambert, 1900)
- Genus Phalacrocidaris (Lambert, 1902)
- Genus Stereocidaris (Pomel, 1883)
- Subfamily Stylocidarinae (Mortensen, 1903)
- Genus Acanthocidaris (Mortensen, 1903b)
- Genus Plococidaris (Mortensen, 1909)
- Genus Prionocidaris (A. Agassiz, 1863)
- Genus Stylocidaris (Mortensen, 1909)
References
literature
- Svein A. Fossa / Alf Jacob Nilsen: Coral reef aquarium Volume 6 , Schmettkamp Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3-928819-18-6
