Clara Winnicki

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Clara Emma Winnicki , also Clara Emma Winnitzki , Winnizki, Winnicky (born November 10, 1880 in Bern , † around 1935) was the first female pharmacist in Switzerland with her own business.

Life

Clara Emma Winnicki, born in Bern as the daughter of the naturalized engineer Leopold Winnicki and secondary school teacher Carolina Emma Elisabeth Sulser, matriculated at the University of Bern on April 18, 1900 to become the first woman in Switzerland to study pharmacy . In 1905, she was the first woman in Switzerland to pass the federal state examination for pharmacists and was thus entitled to run a pharmaceutical business. Hedwig Delphi from Zurich was the second woman in Switzerland to receive this diploma in 1906 . Magdalena Neff was the first female pharmacist in Germany in 1906.

Own pharmacies

As a woman, Winnicki found an internship and an assistant position only with difficulty. In 1906 she managed a pharmacy in Langenthal . In 1907 she did her doctorate under Alexander Tschirch on medicinal plants, her dissertation was entitled Contributions to the development history of the flowers of some officinal plants . Finally she bought a pharmacy in Biel and later in Bern and was the first to practice as a qualified and self-employed pharmacist. She was involved in issues of class and, above all, women. She also wrote articles in the trade press. She developed pills for headaches, anemia and coughs.

Marriage and breakdown

But Winnicki lacked commercial fortune, she had to close her pharmacies again. Eventually she found work as a manager of a pharmacy in Adelboden . The pharmacist, August Herbrand (* 1869), as a German, was not allowed to run a Swiss pharmacy without the federal pharmacist examination. The two married in 1925. But the private and business relationship was unhappy. Winnicki then worked in Zurich. There she became seriously ill. Since she had married a German, she was considered a poor foreigner and was expelled with her husband. Your trace is lost on the border with Germany.

Publications

  • Clara Winnizki: The pharmaceutical auxiliary staff.  In: Swiss Weekly for Chemistry and Pharmacy, June 18, 1904, pp. 337–339.
  • Clara Winnicki: The woman in the pharmacy profession. In: Schweizerische Apotheker-Zeitung, January 17, 1918 and January 24, 1918, pp. 30–32, 43–46.
  • C. Winnicki: To the assistant question. In: Schweizerische Apotheker-Zeitung, April 11, 1918, pp. 193–195.
  • Clara Winnicky: Assistant question. In: Schweizerische Apotheker-Zeitung, May 23, 1918, p. 273.
  • Clara Herbrand-Winnicki: The women's movement and pharmacy. In: Schweizerische Apotheker-Zeitung, September 10, 1932, pp. 472–473.

literature

  • Franziska Rogger: The doctoral hat in the broom cupboard: The adventurous life of the first female students - using the example of the University of Bern. Bern 1999/2002, ISBN 978-3-905-56132-6 , pp. 63-71.
  • Werner Juker : Hundred years of pharmacists' association of the Canton of Bern 1861–1961. Bern 1961, p. 181.
  • Brigitte Zurbriggen: "... And women in particular turned in droves to studying pharmaceuticals ...". Diss. Med., Bern 2000, pp. 206-219.
  • Miss Dr. Clara Winnicki. In: Die Berner Woche, June 20, 1914, p. 302.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Franziska Rogger Kappeler: Clara Winnicki. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
personal data
SURNAME Winnicki, Clara
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Winnicki, Clara Emma; Winnitzki, Clara Emma
BRIEF DESCRIPTION first qualified pharmacist in Switzerland
DATE OF BIRTH November 10, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Bern
DATE OF DEATH around 1935