Cohors I Asturum et Callaecorum

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Cohors I Asturum et Callaecorum [civium Romanorum] ( German  1st cohort of the Asturians and Callaecers [the Roman citizens ] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.

Name components

  • Asturum et Callaecorum : [the] Asturians and Callaecers . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited during installation of the unit of the peoples of the Asturians and Callaecer on the territory of today's Asturias and Galicia.
  • civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen or with Roman citizenship. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition appears in some military diplomas, but not in the inscriptions.

Since there is no evidence of the additions to the name milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partially mounted), it can be assumed that it is a pure infantry cohort ( Cohors peditata ). The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The first evidence of unity in the province of Mauretania Tingitana is based on an inscription found in Volubilis , which is dated to 57 AD (ILM 00058). A vexillation of the cohort around 60 may have been temporarily in the province of Illyricum (see section Uncertainties ).

In military diplomas that are 159, dated 161 and 162/203 109, 114/117, 122, 124, 131, 153, 156/157, that cohort (see as part of the troops Roman forces in Mauretania ) listed that were stationed in Mauretania Tingitana under various governors.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Mauretania Tingitana were possibly:

  • Ain Schkour: Several inscriptions indicate the presence (of parts) of the cohort in Ain Schkour. John Spaul assumes that the unit was stationed in Ain Schkour.
  • Volubilis : The headstone of Prefect Nammius Maternus was found in Volubilis.

Members of the cohort

Gravestone of Nammius Maternus ( AE 1916, 91 )

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

The commanders all had the rank of prefect .

Others

Uncertainties

Mauretania Tingitana and Illyricum

The cohort in Mauretania Tingitana is consistently occupied by military diplomas from 109 to 162 and no inscriptions or military diplomas are known from this period that would indicate a stationing of the unit outside of Mauretania Tingitana.

However, this does not apply to the period from 54/57 to 60; following the inscriptions and military diplomas, the cohort would have been stationed in two (or three) provinces in a relatively short time. The chronological order of the inscriptions and military diplomas (and thus of the provinces in which the cohort was stationed) is as follows:

  • 54/68: Noricum ( CIL 16, 6 ) It is uncertain whether the unit is even listed on the diploma.
  • 57: Volubilis (Mauretania Tingitana) (ILM 00058)
  • 60: Illyricum ( CIL 16, 4 )

Margaret M. Roxan assumes that at this time two different cohorts with the name Cohors I Asturum et Callaecorum existed:

  • Cohors I Asturum et Callaecorum , which was stationed in Illyricum.
  • Cohors I Asturum et Callaecorum cR , who was stationed in Mauretania Tingitana.

John Spaul prefers the thesis that it was a single cohort. He assumes that the unit was permanently stationed in Mauretania Tingitana and that a vexillation of the cohort around 60 was temporarily in Illyricum.

Germania

The first evidence of the cohort is the tombstone of Ogrigenus , who died after 9 years of service ( CIL 13, 7037 ). The tombstone was found in Zahlbach and is dated to the Julio-Claudian period.

Margaret M. Roxan gives various alternatives that have been discussed in the literature for the sequence of stationing of the cohort. John Spaul states that Juan Manuel Roldan Hervas prefers the thesis that two different cohorts exist; one was stationed in Germania and Illyricum, the other in Mauretania Tingitana.

See also

Web links

Commons : Cohors I Asturum et Callaecorum  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The dating of the military diplomas follows the information in the Clauss-Slaby epigraphic database (EDCS). The information given by John Spaul on the dating of the military diplomas deviates from this in part. Examples of this are the military diploma ( CIL 16, 165 ), for which EDCS and Jörg Scheuerbrandt indicate the period 114/117 as the date, while John Spaul indicates 116 or the military diploma (RMD-03,186 = AE 1985, 992 ), for the EDCS and Jörg Scheuerbrandt gives the date 162/203, while John Spaul gives 162/170.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Margaret M. Roxan : The Auxilia of the Roman Army raised in the Iberian Peninsula Volume 1. (PDF 23.5 MB) discovery.ucl.ac.uk, 1973, pp. 396–407 (393– 404) , accessed February 15, 2017 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171 -046-4 , pp. 79-80
  3. ↑ a b Margaret M. Roxan: The Auxilia of the Roman Army raised in the Iberian Peninsula Volume 2. (PDF 9.8 MB) discovery.ucl.ac.uk, 1973, pp. 149–151 (728–730) , accessed on February 15, 2017 (English).
  4. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt: Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 176 ( PDF p. 178 table 18 ).
  5. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 54/68 ( CIL 16, 6 ), 60 ( CIL 16, 4 ), 109 ( CIL 16, 162 , RMD-02.84 = AE 1979, 553 ), 114/117 ( CIL 16, 165 ) , 122 ( CIL 16, 73 = CIL 16, 169 ), 124 ( CIL 16, 171 ), 131 (RMD-03,157 = AE 1985, 991 ), 153 (RMD-05,409, RMD-05,410, AE 2005, 1726 , ZPE -197-243), 156/157 ( CIL 16, 181 , CIL 16, 182 ), 159 (RMD-01,53 = AE 1960, 103 ), 161 (RMD-02,107 = AE 1984, 529 ) and 162/203 (RMD-03,186 = AE 1985, 992 ).