Collie Eye Anomaly

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Sheltie and long-haired collie are common breeds affected by CEA.

The Collie Eye Anomaly ( dt . Collie eye anomaly , abbreviated CEA ) is a hereditary disease of different dog breeds from the family of the Collies and the breeds related to them. The disease affects the fundus of the eye and leads to congenital impairment of vision and even blindness .

Pathophysiology

The collie eye anomaly based on a genetically induced malformation and hypoplasia of the choroid and retina during the embryonic development . This causes disturbances in the development of the blood vessels , which can lead to bleeding into the eye. Can also colobomata the choroid and retina occur. A retinal detachment is possible. Depending on the severity of the changes, eyesight may not be impaired; more severe cases can show reduced vision or even complete blindness.

clinic

Signal element

The disease occurs in long-haired and short-haired collies as well as Shelties and related breeds such as Border Collie , Australian Shepherd and also Lancashire Heeler . Severe cases are usually diagnosed in puppyhood; lighter cases can be diagnosed by chance at any point in life.

Symptoms

Affected puppies show reduced vision right from the start, up to and including blindness. The disease does not usually progress; at best, more severe colobomas can later lead to retinal detachment. Lighter cases are clinically normal and can only be diagnosed with ophthalmoscopy .

diagnosis

The diagnosis is made by means of ophthalmoscopy, by means of which the characteristic changes in the fundus can be determined. Both eyes are usually affected in sick dogs; however, the severity of the disease can differ between the two eyes.

Therapy and prognosis

A cure is not possible. Retinal detachments can in some cases be treated with laser surgery . Disease progression is not expected in dogs with mild CEA. Supportive measures are limited to adapting the dog's environment to his reduced eyesight and thereby enabling him to enjoy a good quality of life. Life expectancy is not reduced compared to healthy dogs.

Genetics and Breeding Hygiene

The Collie Eye Anomaly seems to be controlled by several loci ( polygenic inheritance ). 80 to 90 percent of Collies show changes in the fundus without their eyesight being impaired. Collies without changes in the fundus can also be carriers of the disease. It is recommended to screen all puppies of endangered breeds ophthalmoscopically and to use the data obtained in this way for the breeding value estimation in a central database . Screening and breeding restrictions can significantly reduce the number of affected animals. In many breeds affected dogs have a 7.8  kb long deletion in NHEJ1 on gene. A genetic test is now also available.

history

The disease was first described by WG Magrane in the United States in 1953. Seven years later, the CEA was examined histopathologically for the first time. The inheritance was cleared up in 1968 by Yakely and colleagues.

literature

  • L. Ackerman: The Genetic Connection. A Guide to Health Problems in Purebred Dogs. American Animal Hospital Association, 1999, ISBN 0-941451-93-3 , pp. 147 ff.
  • A. Herzog: Pareys Lexicon of Syndromes - Hereditary and breeding diseases of domestic and farm animals. Parey Buchverlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8263-3237-7 , p. 86.
  • LP Tilley, FWK Smith (Eds.): Collie Eye Anomaly. In: The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline. 3. Edition. Lippincott, Williams & Williams, Baltimore, MD, USA 2004, ISBN 0-7817-4038-X , p. 255.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ CP Moore, RD Whitley: Visual Disturbance in the Dog. Part II: Diseases of the retina and optic papilla. In: MB Glaze (Ed.): Ophthalmology in Small Animal Practice . Veterinary Learning Systems, Trenton, NJ 1996, pp. 60-77.
  2. ↑ WL Yakely: Collie Eye Anomaly: Decreased Prevalence Through Selective Breeding. In: JAVMA. 161 (1972), pp. 1103-1107, PMID 4631461 .
  3. ↑ HG Parker, AV Kukekova, DT Akey, O. Goldstein, EF Kirkness, KC Baysac, DS Mosher, GD Aguirre, GM Acland, EA Ostrander: Breed relationships facilitate fine-mapping studies: a 7.8-kb deletion cosegregates with Collie eye anomaly across multiple dog breeds. In: Genome research. Volume 17, Number 11, November 2007, pp. 1562-1571, ISSN  1088-9051 . doi: 10.1101 / gr.6772807 . PMID 17916641 . PMC 2045139 (free full text).
  4. ↑ Steven James Kellner: Collie Eye Anomaly. In: Veterinary mirror. No. 2 (1991), pp. 4-6.

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