Shorthair collie
| Shorthair Collie (Smooth Collie) |
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| FCI Standard No. 296 | |||
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| Origin : | |||
| Withers height: |
Males 56–61 cm. |
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| Weight: |
Male 20.5–29.5 kg, |
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| List of domestic dogs | |||
The Shorthair Collie ( en . Smooth Collie or Collie Smooth ) is a British breed of dog recognized by the FCI ( FCI Group 1, Section 1, Standard No. 296 ).
Origin and history
There is evidence that a Scottish Shepherd has existed since the 13th century and was mainly used as a sheepdog for shepherds in the Scottish high moors. The collie gets its name from the sheep. These black-headed and legged sheep are called colleys; their herding dogs were the Colley Dogs, a name that later changed to Collie.
Judging by the location, the collie is a cross between Romanesque herd guard dogs that came to Gaul and Germania accompanied by Roman troops and mixed here with the native Spitz of the Alps, which was spread from the high Alps to the Goths and Viking regions. In the course of the migration of Germanic peoples, it came to Iceland or the British Isles and was kept isolated for centuries by sheep farmers, who placed special emphasis on certain drawings to make the dog easier to identify in the raised bog and the highlands. So his drawing developed into a characteristic of the breed.
Queen Victoria got to know and love the collie during her stays in the Scottish Balmoral and from then on became a supporter of this breed, which she gladly and generously gave away to diplomats and royalty all over Europe. Her black Collie bitch Gypsy, who was buried in the park of Windsor Castle in 1868, became famous. This tradition was continued by Queen Elizabeth , known as Queen Mum.
In 1840 the "Collie Club" was founded in England by stately lovers, who in turn enforced recognition as a breed in 1858. The collie first appeared at the Birmingham Dog Show in 1861 . A collie named "Jeho" was exhibited by a certain Mr. Siviter. He started in the “Sheepdogs of all Varieties” class.
In 1871 a collie named "Old Cocki" appears for the first time, who is considered the progenitor of all modern collies. Since he had a massive, somewhat clumsy body structure, a broad upper skull, a short, stocky appearance, he of course did not meet today's breed standard. In the fourth generation, the “Metchley Wonder” collie type was bred that defined today's standard. In 1881 the first breed standard was established.
With the colonization of Australia and America in the 19th century, Collies also came to the New World, although the breed standard was less precise here. The isolated location of some farms also encouraged colors that the British Collie Club had already classified as undesirable. So the Americans founded their own collie club, which u. a. knew the white and black collie. In Australia he was a. a. The progenitor of the Australian Cattle Dog and the Kelpie .
description
The smooth collie has hard, dense and short hair and is similar at first glance more like a running or Greyhound . He is generally more robust and about 5 to 8 kg heavier than his long-haired brother and was later perceived as an independent breed. He is rarely seen in public and can be seen as a working dog that needs appropriate employment.
Shades of color
The Collie is available worldwide in three colors : sable-white (sable-white), tricolor (predominantly black-white with tan) and blue- merle .
The sable variant varies between a light gold tone and a deep dark mahogany, which is why it is also referred to as dark sable. A special form is the white collie, which has only been recognized in the American standard so far.
The blue merle is a graying collie. He is a tricolor collie with a lightening effect caused by the merle gene. The Merle allele may only be inherited from one parent animal, as otherwise damage to the eyes and the inner ear will occur (deafness and blindness). Since the merle gene is often no longer recognizable in sable-colored collies in adulthood, there is always the risk that two parent animals with the merle gene are accidentally paired with "sable merle" collies. Therefore the "Sable-Merle" color is forbidden in the Club for British Sheepdogs ( VDH ).
The white collie has the typical drawn collie head with sable, tricolor, blue-merle or sable-merle head and only becomes predominantly white behind the typical ruff. Stains are quite possible. Ideally, the proportion of white is 80%, but deviations are the rule. The Club for American Collies has adopted the American breeding standard and is breeding American-style collies in Germany in five recognized color variants, including white and Sable-Merle.
The black collie, which had almost no markings, but for whom a narrow white collar, white legs and a white tail tip were desired, is not described in any standard today and has not been bred or exhibited for decades.
Breed specific diseases
It has been known since the early 1980s that Collies are more sensitive to certain drugs than other dogs and can even die from them. Based on one of the drugs that could be fatal for the collie, the term " Ivermectin- sensitive collie" was coined. Reactions ranging from movement disorders , vomiting and coma to the death of individual animals have been described. It was also noticeable that other animals of the same breed showed no impairment. In terms of external appearance, no differences between endangered and non-endangered animals could be determined.
Molecular genetic research over the past twenty years has shown that the MDR1 defect is the cause of this susceptibility, which is not limited to ivermectin. Active ingredients that are harmless to other dogs or people can also cause the side effects described. Of all dog breeds in which this defect occurs, the Collies are most severely affected: 76% have at least one defective allele. A genetic test is available.
Collies also show an increased incidence of dermatomyositis , a genetic skin and muscle disease in young dogs. The Collie Eye Anomaly is named for its presence in the breed.
Sources and further links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Vetmed - Uni Giessen ( Memento of the original from October 25, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Breed standard No. 296 of the FCI: Collie Smooth (Short-haired Scottish Sheepdog) (PDF)
- German Collie Club - Breeding Association in the VDH / FCI with information about the Collie, exhibitions and breeders
- Club for British Sheepdogs - Breeding Association in the VDH / FCI with information about the Collie and related breeds, about exhibitions and breeders