Doctrine
As a doctrine called what the current state of science , a religion or a philosophy of life is considered. A basic and non-negotiable doctrine is called dogma .
Science in general
In the sciences, the current doctrinal opinion is referred to as the state of science or research , or with a Latin foreign word as communis opinio ('common opinion', 'general opinion'). In a scientific discipline , it usually develops through discourse and consensus within the scientific community (“prevailing view [of the scholars]”), but is also shaped by authority and scientific schools .
According to Popper, the state of science changes through the falsification of existing assumptions ( statements , theses , hypotheses , theories ) or methods that are replaced by those that prove themselves better. On the other hand, according to Kuhn, a change occurs through a scientific revolution when a new paradigm is found that solves research problems better than the old one.
The current doctrinal opinion may well fall behind a level of knowledge already reached at an earlier point in time - especially when ideological pressure is exerted on science from outside . Examples of this are the so-called German physics under National Socialism or Lyssenkoism in the Soviet Union .
Legally , the respective scientific doctrine is referred to as the "state of the art".
theology
In Catholic theology , a doctrine is the more detailed interpretation of a dogma by a single church teacher or a theological schooling that is not binding on faith and is on an equal footing with others. If a doctrine seems to contain an inadmissible interpretation of a dogma, it can be examined by the church teaching office and, if necessary, rejected. In relation to the abundance of doctrinal opinions, however, this is seldom the case.
Jurisprudence
In jurisprudence , the term prevailing doctrine (hL) is used in particular as a counter-term to distinguish it from the divergent view of the jurisprudence (see permanent jurisprudence ). If the prevailing doctrine and jurisprudence are of the same opinion, one speaks of the prevailing opinion or the opinion of the prevailing doctrine .