Conium alkaloids

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Spotted Hemlock ( Conium maculatum )
The stem is usually spotted red

Conium alkaloids are natural substances of the piperidine alkaloid type.

Occurrence

Conium alkaloids are found in the spotted hemlock . The ripe fruits can contain up to 3.5% alkaloids.

Representative

The main alkaloid is coniin . Further representatives are γ-conicein , conhydrin , pseudoconhydrin and N -methylconiine .

  • (+) - Coniin

  • (+) - conhydrin

  • (+) - pseudoconhydrin

Most conium alkaloids are liquid at room temperature.

properties

500 mg coniin is fatal to a human. Coniin is the poison of the spotted hemlock. Poisoning leads to nausea, vomiting, drooling and diarrhea. Paralysis of the chest muscles occurs within half an hour to an hour, which ends fatally.

history

In ancient times, watery extracts of this plant ( hemlock cup ) were administered. 399 BC In BC, Socrates was sentenced to death by the hemlock as a "free thinker and seducer of youth".

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Entry on conium alkaloids. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on April 29, 2020.
  2. ^ Brockhaus ABC Chemie , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig 1965, p. 714.
  3. ↑ A. Wollrab: Organic Chemistry . 3. Edition. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-642-00781-1 , p. 1053 .
  4. ^ A b H. Latscha, U. Kazmaier: Chemistry for Biologists . 4th edition. Springer Spectrum, Berlin Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-47783-0 , p. 682 .
  5. ↑ A. Wollrab: Organic Chemistry . 4th edition. Springer Spectrum, Berlin Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-642-45143-0 , p. 1025 .