Piperidine alkaloids
The piperidine alkaloids are naturally occurring chemical compounds from the group of alkaloids , which are chemically derived from piperidine .
Occurrence
(-) - Coniin was isolated from the hemlock , while (-) - Lobelin was isolated from Lobelia inflata . Piperine is contained in black pepper .
Representative
Alkaloids with a piperidine partial structure are widespread and are usually further subdivided according to their occurrence and their biogenetic origin. The main alkaloid of the piperidine alkaloids is piperine .
The piperidine alkaloids also include the Sedum alkaloids , the Pelletierin , the Lobelia alkaloids (for example lobeline ), the Conium alkaloids (such as Coniin ) and the Pinus alkaloids .
properties
Lobelin has breath-stimulating properties and is used for smoking cessation. Piperine gives the black pepper its sharp taste. Coniin is the poison of the spotted hemlock . Poisoning leads to nausea, vomiting, drooling and diarrhea. 500 mg coniin is fatal to a human. Paralysis of the chest muscles occurs within half an hour to an hour, which ends fatally.
history
In ancient times, aqueous extracts of hemlock ( hemlock cups ) were administered. 399 BC In BC, Socrates was sentenced to death with a hemlock as a "free thinker and seducer of youth".
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Entry on piperidine alkaloids. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on May 23, 2020.
- ↑ a b c E. Breitmaier: Alkaloids . Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 978-3-519-03542-8 , pp. 36 .
- ↑ Entry on Conium Alkaloids. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on May 23, 2020.
- ↑ A. Wollrab: Organic Chemistry . 3. Edition. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-642-00781-1 , p. 1053 .
- ^ A b H. Latscha, U. Kazmaier: Chemistry for Biologists . 4th edition. Springer Spectrum, Berlin Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-47783-0 , p. 682 .
- ↑ A. Wollrab: Organic Chemistry . 4th edition. Springer Spectrum, Berlin Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-642-45143-0 , p. 1025 .